Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of severe Plasmodium vivax malaria in India

Foko, Loick Pradel Kojom; Arya, Aditi; Sharma, Amit; Singh, Vineeta

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.03.028

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Autoantibodies against myocardial proteins (e.g., anti-myosin) and high levels of inflammatory cytokines can be detected. Multifactorial predisposition is suspected, including genetic factors, dietary deficits and intake of eosinophil-stimulating substances (e.g., cyanogenic glucosides) [ 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Diagnostics of Myocarditis

et al. 2022

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Endomyocardial biopsy as the cornerstone of diagnostics has been re-evaluated throughout the years, leaving unanswered questions on the precedence of it. The reported incidence of myocarditis has increased during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reinforcing discussions on appropriate diagnostics of myocarditis. By analysis of evidence-based literature published within the last demi-decade, we aimed to summarize the most recent information in order to evaluate the current role of endomyocardial biopsy in diagnostics and management of myocarditis. For the most part, research published over the last five years showed ongoing uncertainty regarding the use, informativeness, safety and necessity of performing a biopsy. Special circumstances, such as fulminant clinical course or failure to respond to empirical treatment, were reconfirmed as justified indications, with a growing applicability of non-invasive diagnostic approaches for most other cases. We concluded that endomyocardial biopsy, if performed properly and with adjunct diagnostic methods, holds a critical role for treatment correction in specific histological subtypes of myocarditis and for differential diagnosis between immune-mediated myocarditis and secondary infections due to immunosuppressive treatment. A high level of possible misdiagnosing was detected, indicating the need to review terminology used to describe findings of myocardial inflammation that did not meet Dallas criteria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Diagnostics of Myocarditis

et al. 2022

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“…Plasmodium vivax has been shown to cause severe malaria and deaths in South Asia, and it is important to determine how much of this is a result of particular pathogenic strains of P. vivax and/or a region-specific host vulnerability. 37 – 39 Plasmodium vivax –specific mechanisms of pathogenesis remain largely unknown. The MESA-ICEMR study site in Goa at GMC has a high proportion of P. vivax infections (∼70% mono infections), of which ∼5% lead to severe disease manifestation.…”

Section: Emerging Research and Implications For Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research for South Asia and Broader Malaria Research in India

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Chery-Karschney

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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ABSTRACT. The Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA) International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) conducted research studies at multiple sites in India to record blood-slide positivity over time, but also to study broader aspects of the disease. From the Southwest of India (Goa) to the Northeast (Assam), the MESA-ICEMR invested in research equipment, operational capacity, and trained personnel to observe frequencies of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections, clinical presentations, treatment effectiveness, vector transmission, and reinfections. With Government of India partners, Indian and U.S. academics, and trained researchers on the ground, the MESA-ICEMR team contributes information on malaria in selected parts of India.

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“…However, there is paucity of data on the real extent of SM in endemic areas mostly [ 10 ]. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, we have shown that the overall proportion of Pv mono-infection-related SM is 22.9% in India [ 11 ]. A recent modeling study showed the cost-effectiveness of implementing interventions aiming at reducing SM in conjunction with standard measures for reducing costs and health burden due to malaria [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spectrum of clinical biomarkers in severe malaria and new avenues for exploration

et al. 2022

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Globally, malaria is a public health concern, with severe malaria (SM) contributing a major share of the disease burden in malaria endemic countries. In this context, identification and validation of SM biomarkers are essential in clinical practice. Some biomarkers (C-reactive protein, angiopoietin 2, angiopoietin-2/1 ratio, platelet count, histidine-rich protein 2) have yielded interesting results in the prognosis of Plasmodium falciparum severe malaria, but for severe P. vivax and P. knowlesi malaria, similar evidence is missing. The validation of these biomarkers is hindered by several factors such as low sample size, paucity of evidence-evaluating studies, suboptimal values of sensitivity/specificity, poor clinical practicality of measurement methods, mixed Plasmodium infections, and good clinical value of the biomarkers for concurrent infections (pneumonia and current COVID-19 pandemic). Most of these biomarkers are non-specific to pathogens as they are related to host response and hence should be regarded as prognostic/predictive biomarkers that complement but do not replace pathogen biomarkers for clinical evaluation of SM patients. This review highlights the importance of research on diagnostic/predictive/therapeutic biomarkers, neglected malaria species, and clinical practicality of measurement methods in future studies. Finally, the importance of omics technologies for faster identification/validation of SM biomarkers is also included.

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Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of severe Plasmodium vivax malaria in India

Cited by 34 publications

References 44 publications

Role of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Diagnostics of Myocarditis

Role of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Diagnostics of Myocarditis

International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research for South Asia and Broader Malaria Research in India

The spectrum of clinical biomarkers in severe malaria and new avenues for exploration

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