Epidemiological Transition in Indonesia and Its Prevention: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Introduction: Indonesia is undergoing an epidemiological transition, changing from a public health problem with the prevalence of a dominant infectious disease to a non-communicable disease. Some of the causes of this transition include technological advances, economy, modern transportation, lifestyle, changes in food consumption and others
 Objective: This paper aims to describe epidemiological transition and its prevention in Indonesia.
 Methods: A narrative review was conducted by searching in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engine from 2001 to 2020 with the following search terms: nutrition transition, dietary transition, shifting epidemiology, epidemiological transition.
 Results: Indonesia has experienced the epidemiological transition from infections to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). All types of NCDs have increased in the last three decades. NCDs also occur among the younger population despite preventability. The promotion of healthy lives and well-being to decrease NCDs in Indonesia delivered through early detection of their risk factors through Integrated Guidance Post (Posbindu)
 Conclusion: An epidemiological shift has occurred in Indonesia. In the 1990s, infectious diseases outnumbered but however, noncommunicable diseases will be the most common, by the 2020s. Early detection is required to prevent their development.

“Posbindu PTM”: The Key of Early Detection and Decreasing Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia

“…Globally. there was an increase in NCDs prevalence, from 47% in 1990 to 69% in 2020 (2). Indonesia also experienced a surge in such cases from 39.81% in 1990 to 69.91% in 2017 (3).…”

“…Many factors cause NCDs, such as smoking behavior both active or passive, sedentary lifestyle, less physical activity, more sitting, also lack of fruit and vegetable consumption (4). All the factors influencing global obesity as the main cause of metabolic syndrome include DM, stroke, hypertension, cancer, and many more (2,4). However, NCDs can be prevented when people understand the sign and symptoms, awareness of risk factors, and fulfilling early detection (2,5).…”

“…All the factors influencing global obesity as the main cause of metabolic syndrome include DM, stroke, hypertension, cancer, and many more (2,4). However, NCDs can be prevented when people understand the sign and symptoms, awareness of risk factors, and fulfilling early detection (2,5). Unfortunately, the symptoms of NCDs are unspecific which is enhanced by the lack of people's knowledge and awareness, adding the weakness of NCDs prevention increase the severity of NCDs (6).…”

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu PAUD tentang Gizi Seimbang dan Pentingnya Konsumsi Sayur dan Buah di Desa Sukanagalih, Cianjur

“…Faktor yang mempengaruhi kurangnya konsumsi sayur dan buah yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat ekonomi orang tua, pengetahuan, self-efficacy dan ketersediaan sayur dan buah di lingkungan tempat tinggalnya. Faktor orangtua karena keterlambatan dalam mengenalkan sayur dan buah, ketidakmampuan dalam memberikan contoh konsumsi sayur dan buah yang baik, rendahnya status sosial ekonomi serta terbatasnya ketersediaan sayur dan buah di rumah 10,11 .…”

Pengobatan Komplementer Alternatif Lokal dan Potensinya di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Kesehatan dan Ekonomi: Kajian Literatur Sistematik

“…Beberapa faktor yang terkait dengan pergeseran gizi antara lain pertumbuhan ekonomi, teknologi modern, transportasi, gaya hidup, demografi, dan konsekuensi panjang dari angka harapan hidup. (Pengpid & Peltzer, 2019;Siswati et al, 2022) Sistem kesehatan dunia, khususnya Indonesia memiliki dua fokus penanganan problem kesehatan yakni pengobatan medis konvensional dan pengobatan medis komplementer alternatif yang lahir dari tradisi lokal bangsa. Pandemi Covid-19 dan fenomena transisi epidemiologi membuat pengobatan alternatif komplementer semakin bergairah di tengah masyarakat Indonesia.…”