Epidemiological Study of Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep, Cattle and Goats in Erbil Province

Hassan, Zuber I.; Mero, Wijdan M. S.; Casulli, Adriano; Interisano, Maria; Boufana, Belgees

doi:10.25271/2016.4.1.22

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…In addition, because this is the first study to examine the direct monetary burden of CE in Basrah; it adds valuable information to the existing body of knowledge about CE in this region. It should be emphasised also that an abattoir frequency comparable to ours were also concluded in a study in the North of Iraq ( Hassan et al, 2016 ). CE is responsible for considerable losses of edible offal resulting in monetary losses to the livestock sectors in Iraq.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The results of the present study indicate that hydatid disease is relatively prevalent (7.3%) in sheep in Basrah. This result is comparable to a recent finding from an active abattoir survey (12 months) done in Erbil, in the north of Iraq, where a CE occurrence of 9.1% was reported in 2556 slaughtered sheep ( Hassan et al, 2016 ). Regionally our abattoir frequency result was also comparable to that (8.7%) reported by Al-Khalidi (1998) in Libya, however it was lower than that reported by Yosoufi (2007) in Iran (14.7%), while variable rates have been reported in different regions of Morocco (7.4% in Rif and 11.1% in Middle Atlas) ( Azlaf and Dakkak, 2006 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Cystic echinococcosis in marketed offal of sheep in Basrah, Iraq: Abattoir-based survey and a probabilistic model estimation of the direct economic losses due to hydatid cyst

Abdulhameed

Habib

Al-Azizz

et al. 2018

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a highly endemic parasitic zoonosis in Iraq with substantial impacts on livestock productivity and human health. The objectives of this study were to study the abattoir-based occurrence of CE in marketed offal of sheep in Basrah province, Iraq, and to estimate, using a probabilistic modelling approach, the direct economic losses due to hydatid cysts. Based on detailed visual meat inspection, results from an active abattoir survey in this study revealed detection of hydatid cysts in 7.3% (95% CI: 5.4; 9.6) of 631 examined sheep carcasses. Post-mortem lesions of hydatid cyst were concurrently present in livers and lungs of more than half (54.3% (25/46)) of the positive sheep. Direct economic losses due to hydatid cysts in marketed offal were estimated using data from government reports, the one abattoir survey completed in this study, and expert opinions of local veterinarians and butchers. A Monte-Carlo simulation model was developed in a spreadsheet utilizing Latin Hypercube sampling to account for uncertainty in the input parameters. The model estimated that the average annual economic losses associated with hydatid cysts in the liver and lungs of sheep marketed for human consumption in Basrah to be US$72,470 (90% Confidence Interval (CI); ±11,302). The mean proportion of annual losses in meat products value (carcasses and offal) due to hydatid cysts in the liver and lungs of sheep marketed in Basrah province was estimated as 0.42% (90% CI; ±0.21). These estimates suggest that CE is responsible for considerable livestock-associated monetary losses in the south of Iraq. These findings can be used to inform different regional CE control program options in Iraq.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Cystic echinococcosis in marketed offal of sheep in Basrah, Iraq: Abattoir-based survey and a probabilistic model estimation of the direct economic losses due to hydatid cyst

Abdulhameed

Habib

Al-Azizz

et al. 2018

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

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“…In general, in the case of neighbouring countries there was a low diversity in the animal hosts examined and subsequently in CE genotypes isolated, with most studies focused on E. granulosus s.s. (Utuk et al , 2008; Latif et al , 2010; Simsek et al , 2011; Eryıldız & Şakru, 2012; Hama et al , 2012; Hama & Shareef, 2016; Hasan et al , 2016; Gökpınar et al , 2017; Hassan et al , 2017). With some exceptions (Al-Qaoud et al , 2003; Trachsel et al , 2007; Ziadinov et al , 2008), the strains identified in definitive hosts in Iran are partly identical to detected genotypes in adjacent countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a significant zoonosis, especially in developing countries of the Middle East, with many studies focusing on CE genotypes in Iran. We performed a systematic review to determine the exact status of E. granulosus genotypes in the country. We explored English (Pubmed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Science Direct) and Persian (Magiran, Iran Medex and Scientific Information Database) databases along with Google Scholar. Our review included 73 studies published prior to the end of 2015. In total, 2952 animal (intermediate and definitive) hosts were examined, and the prevalent genotypes comprised G1 (92.75%) and G6 (4.53%) in sheep, cattle, camels, goats and buffaloes; G3 (2.43%) in five herbivore hosts and dogs; G7 (0.2%) in sheep and goats; and G2 (0.06%) in dogs. G1 was mostly dominant in West Azerbaijan, whereas G3 and G6 were identified most frequently in the provinces of Isfahan and Fars, respectively. Regarding human CE infection, 340 cases were reported from Iran, with the identified genotypes G1 (n = 320), G6 (n = 13) and G3 (n = 7). Most CE-infected humans originated from Isfahan province (168 cases), whereas the lowest number of infected persons was noted in Kerman province (two cases). The information obtained from this systematic review is central to better understanding the biological and epidemiological characteristics of E. granulosus s.l. genotypes in Iran, leading to more comprehensive control strategies.

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“…Moreover, the parasite is likely to cause a chronic phase of the disease by creating hormonal imbalances (i.e., the increased estradiol and decreased testosterone levels) and the cyst can stay in the host for a long time (16). Additionally, female cattle are slaughtered in older age due to fertility and thus the rate of their contamination is higher (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current role of cattle in transmission of hydatidosis in an endemic area of central Iran

Rahmani-Dehaghani

Haghighi-Broujeni²,

Ghayour-Najafabadi

2019

J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci

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Background and aims: Hydatidosis is considered as one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases, which has a worldwide distribution with endemic regions in many countries including Iran. The disease has public health and economic importance and its effective control requires sufficient information on the patterns of disease transmission. This study aimed to assess the current role of the cattle as the intermediate host in transmission of the disease and maintain the evolution of hydatidosis. Methods: The study was conducted at Isfahan Fasaran abattoir. From among 129 cattle infected with hydatid cyst, 134 liver and lung cysts were transferred to parasitology laboratory. Data including age, sex, the infected organ, the type of cyst (e.g., fertile, sterile, and calcified), and the severity of infection were evaluated for each of the cattle. Results: Based on the data, 99 (76.7%) of the cases were females and the remaining 30 (23.3%) cases were males, who were in the age range of 5-10 and 2-5 years, respectively. In addition, 385 cysts were found out of the total 134 examined infected livers and lungs and the number of the cysts in infected organs varied between 1 and 14. A significantly higher infection was detected in older cattle (P<0.05) compared to the younger and female ones. Finally, out of the total of 385 collected cysts, 1%, 59.8%, and 39.2% were fertile, sterile, and calcified cysts, respectively. Conclusion: In general, the total rate of cyst fertility was estimated at 1% and it seems that the role of cattle led to a reduction in the transmission of the disease. However, due to the species differences in various areas and the better adaptation of the parasite to some intermediate hosts, further studies including more samples are necessary in different regions.

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Epidemiological Study of Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep, Cattle and Goats in Erbil Province

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Cystic echinococcosis in marketed offal of sheep in Basrah, Iraq: Abattoir-based survey and a probabilistic model estimation of the direct economic losses due to hydatid cyst

Cystic echinococcosis in marketed offal of sheep in Basrah, Iraq: Abattoir-based survey and a probabilistic model estimation of the direct economic losses due to hydatid cyst

Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran: a systematic review

The current role of cattle in transmission of hydatidosis in an endemic area of central Iran

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