<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> genotypes in Iran: a systematic review

Khademvatan, Shahram; Majidiani, Hamidreza; Foroutan, Masoud; Tappeh, Kh Hazrati; Aryamand, Safa; Khalkhali, Hamidreza

doi:10.1017/s0022149x18000275

Cited by 70 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…We identi ed high CE prevalence values in the northwestern region of the country, with much lower values in southern Iran. These distributions align with reported high prevalence values for human CE in northern (9%, 95% CI: 4-18%) and western (6%, 95% CI: 3-11%) Iran [25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of Helminth Infections Identified in Slaughtered Livestock in Iran, 2015-2019

Kiani¹,

Budke²,

Abadi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction: Helminth infections of livestock can result in considerable economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the spatial frequency of cystic echinococcosis (CE), dicrocoeliasis, and fascioliasis in livestock slaughtered in Iran during the years 2015-2019 and estimate direct costs associated with organ condemnation due to these parasites.Methods: Abattoir data from all 31 Iranian provinces were collected from the Iran Veterinary Organization. Infection prevalence was calculated per year at the province level. The Local Moran's I statistic was performed to evaluate spatial autocorrelation of animals positive at slaughter for the years 2015-2019. Direct costs associated with condemned livers were calculated for each parasitic condition. Results: Overall prevalence values for the study timeframe were as follows: sheep and goat fascioliasis (1.5%, 910,282/58,393,349), cattle fascioliasis (3.8%, 23,3175/6,038,419), sheep and goat dicrocoeliasis (4.6%; 270,1274/58,393,349), cattle dicrocoeliasis (3.1%; 186,009/6,038,419), sheep and goat CE (5.3%; 3,108,767/58,393,349), and cattle CE (7.2%; 438,534/6,038,419). Northwestern Iran had the highest prevalence of CE and fascioliasis. High infection areas for Dicrocoelium spp. included the provinces of Zanjan, Gilan, Qazvin, and Tehran, which are located in northern Iran. Direct economic losses for sheep and goat fascioliasis, dicrocoeliasis, and CE for the study period were US$13,841,826, US$41,768,472, and US$22,801,296, respectively. Direct economic losses for cattle fascioliasis, dicrocoeliasis, and CE for the study period were US$1,989,582, US$1,669,289, and US$2,656,535, respectively.Conclusion: Our findings provide valuable data for future monitoring of these important parasitic diseases in Iranian livestock. Disease control strategies are required to reduce the economic and public health impact of these helminths.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of Helminth Infections Identified in Slaughtered Livestock in Iran, 2015-2019

Kiani¹,

Budke²,

Abadi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Echinococcus equinus is probably not infective to humans [ 205 ]. Cystic echinococcosis is hyperendemic in Iran, and occurrence of E. granulosus (G1–G3), E. ortleppi (G5) and E. intermedius (G6/7) in dogs, humans and livestock, i.e., sheep, goats, cattle and camels, is extensively reported [ 206 ]. Regarding infection of equids, however, hydatidosis has not received adequate attention, and only three articles are available.…”

Section: Helminthosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dogs, black-backed jackals ( Canis mesomelas ) and interestingly lions ( Panthera leo ) have been identified as definitive hosts of E. equinus [ 209 ]. So far, E. equinus has not been recorded in the canine in Iran [ 206 ].…”

Section: Helminthosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic diseases of equids in Iran (1931–2020): a literature review

et al. 2020

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Parasitic infections can cause many respiratory, digestive and other diseases and contribute to some performance conditions in equids. However, knowledge on the biodiversity of parasites of equids in Iran is still limited. The present review covers all the information about parasitic diseases of horses, donkeys, mules and wild asses in Iran published as articles in Iranian and international journals, dissertations and congress papers from 1931 to July 2020. Parasites so far described in Iranian equids include species of 9 genera of the Protozoa (Trypanosoma, Giardia, Eimeria, Klossiella, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Theileria and Babesia), 50 helminth species from the digestive system (i.e., 2 trematodes, 3 cestodes and 37 nematodes) and from other organs (i.e., Schistosoma turkestanica, Echinococcus granulosus, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Parafilaria multipapillosa, Setaria equina and 3 Onchocerca spp.). Furthermore, 16 species of hard ticks, 3 mite species causing mange, 2 lice species, and larvae of 4 Gastrophilus species and Hippobosca equina have been reported from equids in Iran. Archeoparasitological findings in coprolites of equids include Fasciola hepatica, Oxyuris equi, Anoplocephala spp. and intestinal strongyles. Parasitic diseases are important issues in terms of animal welfare, economics and public health; however, parasites and parasitic diseases of equines have not received adequate attention compared with ruminants and camels in Iran. The present review highlights the knowledge gaps related to equines about the presence, species, genotypes and subtypes of Neospora hughesi, Sarcocystis spp., Trichinella spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis and microsporidia. Identification of ticks vectoring pathogenic parasites, bacteria and viruses has received little attention, too. The efficacy of common horse wormers also needs to be evaluated systematically.

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“…However, in Iran, the pooled prevalence of the infection is reported to be 23.6%, where, southern part, rural area and female gender are more infected [ 5 ]. Echinococcus granulosus infects about 92.75% of these cases [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Prognostic Factors Associated with Postoperative Complications Following Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst Surgery

Ahmadinejad

Hashemi

Azizallahi

2020

TORMJ

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Background: Hydatid cysts are one of the serious complications following echinococcus infection. The liver and the lungs are the most affected organs, respectively. The severity of the disease is associated with the increase in the number and the size of the cysts, cysts rupture, and systemic effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate prognostic factors that are associated with the increased incidence of postoperative complications following pulmonary hydatid cyst surgery. Methods: Patients referred to Madani hospital from 2014-2018, presenting pulmonary hydatid cysts were included in this study. All the patients were evaluated based on the following parameters: age, gender, location and size of the cysts, rupture status of the cysts (intact or perforated), type of surgical intervention (capitonnage or segmentectomy) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). The factors were then compared with postoperative complications. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was conducted using R-software Results: Of 76 patients enrolled in our study, 52.63% were males and 47.36% were female. Air leak complication was reported in 13.15% of the patients and 3.94% of the patients were presented with pleural effusion. Postoperative complications were significantly associated with the perforated (ruptured) cysts p= 0.001, segmentectomy p= 0.013, giant hydatid cysts p= 0.007 and ESR p= 0.014. However, the side of the lung was not significantly related to postoperative complications. Conclusion: Our study reports that perforated cysts, increased size, segmentectomy and abnormal ESR are likely to increase postoperative complications following pulmonary hydatid cysts surgery. Prospective studies with perioperative parameters and greater sample size can help to deduce better inferences.

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Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran: a systematic review

Cited by 70 publications

References 72 publications

Evaluation of Helminth Infections Identified in Slaughtered Livestock in Iran, 2015-2019

Evaluation of Helminth Infections Identified in Slaughtered Livestock in Iran, 2015-2019

Parasitic diseases of equids in Iran (1931–2020): a literature review

Evaluation of Prognostic Factors Associated with Postoperative Complications Following Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst Surgery

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