Epidemiological of and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A review

Povová, Jana; Ambrož, Petr; Bar, Michal; Pavukova, Veronika; Šerý, Omar; Tomášková, Hana; Janout, Vladimí­r

doi:10.5507/bp.2012.055

Cited by 103 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…Although the etiological factors of Alzheimer's disease are still partially unknown, several studies have provided growing evidence for the role of a number of risk and protective factors in the development of the disease 12 . Similarly to other chronic diseases, the development of Alzheimer's disease undoubtedly 20,21 .…”

Section: Alzheimer's Disease Risk and Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developed countries, it is estimated that 1 in 10 individuals over 65, and more than 1 in 3 individuals over 85, suffer from a form of dementia 12 .…”

Section: Alzheimer's Disease: the Dimension Of The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intervention in these areas may reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or at least delay its clinical symptoms 12 .…”

Section: The Importance Of Alzheimer's Disease Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated that the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease will double every 20 years, foreseeing a total of approximately 115 million people affected by the year of 2050 12 . This expected considerable rise may be explained by the growing population aged 65 years or more, as well as by gains in longevity 8,16 .…”

Section: Alzheimer's Disease: the Dimension Of The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, two of the most promising primary preventive measures would address vascular factors (such as controlling hyper-and hypotension) and lifestyle factors, such as maintaining an active social network, participating in physical and intellectual stimulating activities, and choosing a healthy nutrition pattern 12,16 .…”

Section: The Importance Of Alzheimer's Disease Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention of Alzheimer's disease: The role of the Mediterranean diet

Sousa

Guimarães

2015

Rev. Nutr.

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Rev. Nutr., Campinas, 28(6):691-703, nov./dez., 2015 Revista de Nutrição A B S T R A C TAlzheimer's disease rates have been increasing exponentially and are now considered a 21 st century epidemic. It contributes substantially to the morbidity and mortality of older adults. Thus, Alzheimer's disease is a growing major public health concern with a profuse socioeconomic impact. In addition, the existing pharmacological agents only offer modest symptomatic relief and can neither address the progressive neurodegeneration nor cure the disease. Therefore, finding effective preventive and therapeutic measures that delay the onset or reverse the course of the disease is crucial. Several studies have shown that lifestyle factors may play a central role in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or, at least, in delaying its clinical symptoms. Among these disease-modifying factors, healthy nutrition has drawn much attention given that it might strongly influence the risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Such healthy dietary pattern is the Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet may play a protective role against age-related changes in cognitive function, pre-dementia syndromes, and dementia. Therefore, it may constitute an effective preventive strategy for Alzheimer's disease, with low costs and few side effects. Importantly, these promising preventive measures may translate into strong epidemiological health outcomes, which might lead to a significant progress in public health. An online search was conducted in PubMed in order to revise the literature concerning the association between diet and dementia, specifically, if a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern is related to lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, and to understand the possible mechanisms that may explain such association.Keywords: Alzheimer disease. Diet. Mediterranean diet. Prevention. R E S U M O I N T R O D U C T I O NSince its first description in the beginning of the XX century, Alzheimer's disease has gone from a rarely reported disorder to one of the most frequent causes of disability in older adults. Accordingly, cognitive decline and particularly Alzheimer's disease are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Numerous studies performed in the last decades have given essential insights into the nature of Alzheimer's disease and importantly, into the magnitude of the problem. However, research on Alzheimer's disease is still an endless challenge, particularly in the area of prevention 1 .Since the times of Ancient Greece, lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise, can recognizably prevent or even treat several diseases, a concept that is well reflected on the well-known Hippocratic saying, "Let food be your medicine, let medicine be your food" (p.1295) 2 . Recently, many efforts have been made to describe the association between diet and cognitive function given that several studies have reported that nutrient intake and dietary practices strongly influence the...

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Section: Alzheimer's Disease Risk and Protective Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developed countries, it is estimated that 1 in 10 individuals over 65, and more than 1 in 3 individuals over 85, suffer from a form of dementia 12 .…”

Section: Alzheimer's Disease: the Dimension Of The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intervention in these areas may reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or at least delay its clinical symptoms 12 .…”

Section: The Importance Of Alzheimer's Disease Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alzheimer's Disease: the Dimension Of The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Importance Of Alzheimer's Disease Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevention of Alzheimer's disease: The role of the Mediterranean diet

Sousa

Guimarães

2015

Rev. Nutr.

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Melatonin binds with high affinity and specificity to beta‐amyloid: LC‐MS provides insight into Alzheimer’s disease treatment

et al. 2021

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To study the potential relationship between melatonin and beta-amyloid (Abeta), we established a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method to quantitatively analyze melatonin, deuterated isotopes (melatonin-D4), and internal standard 6-iodo-2-(4'-dimethylamino-) phenyl-imidazo(1,2) pyridine (IMPY) under positive (+) mode. The gradient elution was set to 6 min, and the corresponding peak time of melatonin and its isotope melatonin-D4 was 3.14 min, while the peak time for the internal standard IMPY was 3.24 min. Next, we established and optimized the molecule receptor saturation binding assay based on LC-MS to determine the melatonin affinity for beta-amyloid (Abeta). Melatonin showed a high and specific binding for Abeta. The corresponding equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of melatonin with Abeta 1-40 and Abeta 1-42 was 814.37 AE 36.62 and 628.33 AE 13.57 nmolÁL À1 ; besides, the Kd of melatonin with mixed plaques (1-40 and 1-42) was 461.13 AE 45.37 nmolÁL À1 . The results may suggest the potential mechanism of action of MT on Abeta and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of MT treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

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Clinical utility of an antibody‐free LC‐MS method to detect brain amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals from the screening visit of the A4 Study

Allué

Pascual‐Lucas

Sarasa

et al. 2023

Alz & Dem Diag Ass & Dis Mo

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INTRODUCTION This study explored the ability of plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 to identify brain amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. METHODS Plasma Aβ was quantified with an antibody‐free high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method from Araclon Biotech (ABtest‐MS) in a subset of 731 CU individuals from the screening visit of the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) Study, to assess associations of Aβ42/Aβ40 with Aβ positron emission tomography (PET). RESULTS A model including Aβ42/Aβ40, age, apolipoprotein E ε4, and recruitment site identified Aβ PET status with an area under the curve of 0.88 and an overall accuracy of 81%. A plasma‐based pre‐screening step could save up to 42% of the total number of Aβ PET scans. DISCUSSION ABtest‐MS accurately identified brain amyloid deposition in a population of CU individuals, supporting its implementation in AD secondary prevention trials to reduce recruitment time and costs. Although a certain degree of heterogeneity is inherent to large and multicentric trials, ABtest‐MS could be more robust to pre‐analytical bias compared to other immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry methods. HIGHLIGHTS Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40 accurately identified brain Aβ deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals from the Anti‐Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (A4) Study. The inclusion of the recruitment site in the predictive models has a non‐negligible effect. A plasma biomarker‐based model could reduce recruitment costs in Alzheimer's disease secondary prevention trials. Antibody‐free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods may be more robust to pre‐analytical variability than other platforms.

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Epidemiological of and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A review

Cited by 103 publications

References 112 publications

Prevention of Alzheimer's disease: The role of the Mediterranean diet

Prevention of Alzheimer's disease: The role of the Mediterranean diet

Melatonin binds with high affinity and specificity to beta‐amyloid: LC‐MS provides insight into Alzheimer’s disease treatment

Clinical utility of an antibody‐free LC‐MS method to detect brain amyloid deposition in cognitively unimpaired individuals from the screening visit of the A4 Study

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