Epidemiological Health Study of a Town Exposed to Chemicals

Bowler, Rosemarie M.; Ngo, Long; Hartney, Christopher; Lloyd, Kevin C K; Tager, Ira B.; Midtling, John E.; Huel, Guy

doi:10.1006/enrs.1996.3721

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Over 1500 people (including 1000 Crockett residents, representing almost one third of the town's population) were medically evaluated for health effects associated with the Catacarb release by the Good Neighbor Clinic. Consistent with the independent findings of the community epidemiological study 3) , GNC physicians also reported new onset of upper respiratory, eye, gastrointestinal, and neurological conditions, as well as psychological problems, including anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance.…”

Section: Description Of the Exposed Communitysupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In a previous paper 3) , the authors compared prevalence rates of symptoms and illnesses in the exposed population to those of a carefully selected nearby non-exposed town, similar in size and demographic characteristics based on the US Census data for the region (Santa Venetia).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It neither has a medical clinic, nor a single physician practicing within the town limits. The exposure mobilized the town's community leaders who negotiated "Good Neighbor" agreements with the refinery, which resulted in the funding of an epidemiological health study of the community 3) . Following the accidental Catacarb release residents quickly reported such early acute symptoms as headache, diarrhea, fatigue, vomiting, disorientation, flu-like symptoms and general weakness.…”

Section: Description Of the Exposed Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oil refineries are frequently located adjacent to poor residential communities 1,3) . Residents studied in these communities have been shown to suffer adverse health effects following chemical accidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Medication Use in a Community Environmentally Exposed to Chemicals.

et al. 2002

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An epidemiological health study compared the health status of residents of a town exposed to an accidental Catacarb chemical release from an adjacent oil refinery, with the health status of demographically similar residents of an unexposed town in the region. Few studies of Catacarb's effects on humans exist; however, animal studies have shown it to be a respiratory, gastro-intestinal, dermatological and visual irritant. As part of the study, health questionnaires assessing pre-and post exposure symptoms, illnesses and medication use were mailed to residents in both towns. Medication use is sometimes reported to be a more objective and reliable measure of health outcomes 1) . The current paper compared medication use of exposed and unexposed residents. Significant increases after exposure were found in the use of the following medications: antacid, asthma medication, cough and cold medication, eye medication, headache medication and sleep medication. These increases were consistent with reported symptoms, albeit of greater magnitude; no increase in medication use for other illnesses was reported. Medication use in this sample was consistent with patients' report of symptoms and may be a better measure of outcome.

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Section: Description Of the Exposed Communitysupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Exposed Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased Medication Use in a Community Environmentally Exposed to Chemicals.

et al. 2002

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“…The consequences regarding the effects of immunosuppression/depression in humans have been extensively studied. On the basis of epidemiological studies, a reduction in resistance to infections produced by biological agents (virus, bacteria, fungi) has been extensively described [Bowler et al, 1997]. Neoplasia can also be the result of a compromised surveillance mechanism on the part of the immune system responsible for the elimination of neoplastic cells [Tryphonas and Feeley, 2001].…”

Section: Consequences Of Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxic effects of chemicals: A matrix for occupational and environmental epidemiological studies

Veraldi¹,

Costantini²,

Bolejack³

et al. 2006

American J Industrial Med

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Background Many biological and chemical agents have the capacity to alter the way the immune system functions in human and animals. This study evaluates the immunotoxicity of 20 substances used widely in work environments. Methods A systematic literature search on the immunotoxicity of 20 chemicals was performed. The first step was to review literature on immunotoxicity testing and testing schemes adopted for establishing immunotoxicity in humans. The second step consisted of providing a documentation on immunotoxicity of substances that are widely used in work environment, by building tables for each chemical of interest (benzene, trichloroethylene, PAHs, crystalline silica, diesel exhausts, welding fumes, asbestos, styrene, formaldehyde, toluene, vinyl chloride monomer, tetrachloroethylene, chlorophenols, 1,3‐butadiene, mineral oils, P‐dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, xylene, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, ethylene oxide). The third step was the classification of substances; an index (strong, intermediate, weak, nil) was assigned on the basis of the evidence of toxicity and type of immunotoxic effects (immunosuppression, autoimmunity, hypersensitivity) on the basis of the immune responses. Finally substances were assigned a score of immunotoxic power. Results Tables have been produced that include information for the 20 substances of interest, based on 227 animal studies and 94 human studies. Each substance was assigned an index of immunotoxic evidence, a score of immunotoxic power and type of immunotoxic effect. Conclusions This matrix can represent a tool to identify chemicals with similar properties concerning the toxicity for the immune system, and to interpret epidemiological studies on immune‐related diseases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Management issues surrounding the United Kingdom health services’ ability to deal effectively with major incidents involving bioterrorism

Hayward

2003

Journal of Nursing Management

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Epidemiological Health Study of a Town Exposed to Chemicals

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Increased Medication Use in a Community Environmentally Exposed to Chemicals.

Increased Medication Use in a Community Environmentally Exposed to Chemicals.

Immunotoxic effects of chemicals: A matrix for occupational and environmental epidemiological studies

Management issues surrounding the United Kingdom health services’ ability to deal effectively with major incidents involving bioterrorism

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