Epidemiological feature, viral shedding, and antibody seroconversion among asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers and symptomatic/presymptomatic COVID-19 patients

Chen, Yi; Li, Ping; Ding, Yibo; Liu, Miao; Liu, Leijie; Yi, Bo; Wu, Ting; Dong, Hongjun; Lao, Xuying; Ding, Keqing; Wang, Haibo; Zhang, Dongliang; Tan, Xiaojie; Wang, Zhongfa; Xu, Guozhang; Cao, Guangwen

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.05.003

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Since SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may wane over time especially among patients who are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic [ 33 , 34 ], infections that occurred earlier in the epidemic may have gone undetected. However, the majority of participants testing SARS-CoV-2 seropositive had detectable IgM antibody titers, which is suggestive of recent infection [ 35 ]. Some misclassification could have occurred among those testing indeterminate who were recently infected, but these were few in number and would have tended to underestimate SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, dampening any observed associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among people who inject drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana border region

et al. 2021

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Background People who inject drugs may be at elevated SARS-CoV-2 risk due to their living conditions and/or exposures when seeking or using drugs. No study to date has reported upon risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among people who inject drugs. Methods and findings Between October, 2020 and June, 2021, participants aged ≥18 years from San Diego, California, USA and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico who injected drugs within the last month underwent interviews and testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies. Binomial regressions identified correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Results Of 386 participants, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 36.3% (95% CI: 31.5%-41.1%); 92.1% had detectable IgM antibodies. Only 37.5% had previously been tested. Seroprevalence did not differ by country of residence. None tested RNA-positive. Most (89.5%) reported engaging in ≥1 protective behavior [e.g., facemasks (73.5%), social distancing (46.5%), or increasing handwashing/sanitizers (22.8%)]. In a multivariate model controlling for sex, older age, and Hispanic/Latinx/Mexican ethnicity were independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity, as was engaging in sex work (AdjRR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.18–2.27) and having been incarcerated in the past six months (AdjRR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.97–2.27). Comorbidities and substance using behaviors were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Conclusions In this community-based study of people who inject drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana border region, over one third were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive, exceeding estimates from the general population in either city. We found no evidence that substance use behaviors were associated with an elevated risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but observed that circumstances in the risk environment, notably sex work and incarceration, were independently associated with higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence. Our findings suggest that a binational policy response to COVID-19 mitigation is warranted beyond the closure of the U.S.-Mexico border. Furthermore, decriminalizing sex work and drug use could reduce the burden of COVID-19 among people who inject drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most were male (74.1%) and Hispanic/Latinx/Mexican (71.5%). Median age was 43 (inter-quartile range [IQR: [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]]. Over half reported that COVID-19 had adversely affected their housing or income.…”

Section: Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among people who inject drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana border region

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, a recent comparative analysis found that asymptomatic carriers had greater antiviral immunity to clear SARS-CoV-2 than symptomatic COVID-19 patients and that this antiviral immunity is due to innate and adaptive cellular immunity rather than humoral immunity [ 62 ]. Among asymptomatic carriers or those with greater innate and cellular immunity, antibody-mediated immune responses or humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 was not adequately activated [ 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Dynamics Of Antibody Profile Of Infected and Recovered Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the mechanism by which the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (Igs) quickly drop is unclear. Furthermore, repeated exposure to the same virus may result in increased humoral immunity [ 62 ].…”

Section: Dynamics Of Antibody Profile Of Infected and Recovered Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convalescent plasma therapy against the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: Delineation of the potentialities and risks

Dhawan

Choudhary

Parmar

et al. 2022

International Journal of Surgery

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“…Thus, although these tests do not help recognize an acute infection, they could help detect asymptomatic people since antibody tests can detect the disease after 5–7 days 3 . Also, most reports come from hospitalized people 4 and few from community settings, outpatients, asymptomatic or presymptomatic people 5 , 6 . Therefore, the study of the natural immunity acquired after SARS-CoV-2 infection and its related factors is of interest to estimate the effectiveness of immunity mediated through vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroconversion dynamic and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in unvaccinated population during the first and second outbreaks in Mexico

Fernández-Rojas¹,

Esparza²,

Campos‐Romero³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Serosurveillance helps establish reopening guidelines and determine the immunity levels in different populations to reach herd immunity. Then, there is an urgent need to estimate seroprevalence population wide. In Mexico, information about COVID-19 cases and related deaths is scarce. Also, there is no official serosurveillance, limiting our knowledge of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Here, we report the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 522,690 unvaccinated people from July 5th to December 31st, 2020. The overall seroprevalence was 32.8% and highest in adults aged 30–39 years (38.5%) than people under 20 years (33.0%) or older (28.9%). Moreover, in a cohort of 1655 individuals confirmed COVID-19 by PCR, we found that symptomatic people (HR = 2.56) increased seroconversion than presymptomatic. Also, we identified that the most discriminative symptoms for COVID-19 that could predict seroconversion were anosmia and ageusia (HR = 1.70), fever, myalgia/arthralgia, and cough (HR = 1.75). Finally, we found that obese people had lower seroconversion (HR = 0.53) than healthy people, but the opposite happens in diabetic people (HR = 1.39). These findings reveal that around one-third of Mexican outpatients had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies before vaccination. Also, some symptoms improve empirically COVID-19 diagnosis and seroconversion. This information could help fine-tune vaccination schemes and the reopening and back-to-work algorithms.

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Epidemiological feature, viral shedding, and antibody seroconversion among asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers and symptomatic/presymptomatic COVID-19 patients

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Prevalence and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among people who inject drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana border region

Prevalence and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among people who inject drugs in the San Diego-Tijuana border region

Convalescent plasma therapy against the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: Delineation of the potentialities and risks

Seroconversion dynamic and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in unvaccinated population during the first and second outbreaks in Mexico

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