Epidemiological Characteristics on the Clustering Nature of COVID-19 in Qingdao City, 2020: A Descriptive Analysis

Jia, Jun; Hu, Xiaowen; Yang, Feng; Song, Xin; Dong, Lei; Zhang, Jingfei; Jiang, Fachun; Gao, Ruqin

doi:10.1017/dmp.2020.59

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Data showed that median of the onset time is 6 days later (January 28 vs. January 22) for the local patients than that for patients returned from Wuhan. Our finding is in line with the median incubation period of COVID-19 patients that is round 4-7 days as reported in recent studies [15][16][17].…”

Section: Clinical Baseline Of the Covid-19 Patientssupporting

confidence: 93%

Mask wearing in pre-symptomatic patients prevents SARS-CoV-2 transmission: An epidemiological analysis

Hong

Lin

et al. 2020

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Pandemic COVID-19 has become a seriously public health priority worldwide. Comprehensive strategies including travel restrictions and mask-wearing have been implemented to mitigate the virus circulation. However, detail information on community transmission is unavailable yet. Methods: From January 23 to March 1, 2020, 127 patients (median age: 46 years; range: 11-80) with 71 male and 56 female, were confirmed to be infected with the SARS-CoV-2 in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China. Epidemiological trajectory and clinical features of these COVID-19 cases were retrospectively retrieved from electronic medical records and valid individual questionnaire. Results: The disease onset was between January 9 to February 14, 2020. Among them, 64 patients are local residents, and 63 patients were back home from Wuhan from January 10 to 24, 2020 before travel restriction. 197 local residents had definite close-contact with 41 pre-symptomatic patients back from Wuhan. 123 and 74 of them contact with mask-wearing or with no mask-wearing pre-symptomatic patients back from Wuhan, respectively. Data showed that incidence of COVID-19 was significantly higher for local residents close-contact with no mask-wearing Wuhan returned pre-symptomatic patients (19.0% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001). Among 57 closecontact individuals, 21 sequential local COVID-19 patients originated from a pre-symptomatic Wuhan returned couple, indicated dense gathering in congested spaces is a high risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Conclusions: Our findings provided valuable details of pre-symptomatic patient mask-wearing and restriction of mass gathering in congested spaces particularly, are important interventions to mitigate the SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

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Section: Clinical Baseline Of the Covid-19 Patientssupporting

confidence: 93%

Mask wearing in pre-symptomatic patients prevents SARS-CoV-2 transmission: An epidemiological analysis

Hong

Lin

et al. 2020

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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“…In a similar study in Qingdao City, China, examining 44 COVID-19 patients showed that 66% were female. The female predominance reported in this study was likely due to the small sample size during the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic (23).…”

Section: Studies With Female Predominancementioning

confidence: 65%

Racial and Gender-Based Differences in COVID-19

Kopel

Perisetti

Roghani

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

250

234

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The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global health crisis since its first appearance in Wuhan, China. Current epidemiological studies suggest that COVID-19 affects older patients with multiple comorbidities, such as hypertension, obesity, and chronic lung diseases. The differences in the incidence and severity of COVID-19 are likely to be multifaceted, depending on various biological, social, and economical factors. Specifically, the socioeconomic differences and psychological impact of COVID-19 affecting males and females are essential in pandemic mitigation and preparedness. Previous clinical studies have shown that females are less susceptible to acquire viral infections and reduced cytokine production. Female patients have a higher macrophage and neutrophil activity as well as antibody production and response. Furthermore, in-vivo studies of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) showed higher expression in the kidneys of male than female patients, which may explain the differences in susceptibility and progression of COVID-19 between male and female patients. However, it remains unknown whether the expression of ACE2 differs in the lungs of male or female patients. Disparities in healthcare access and socioeconomic status between ethnic groups may influence COVID-19 rates. Ethnic groups often have higher levels of medical comorbidities and lower socioeconomic status, which may increase their risk of contracting COVID-19 through weak cell-mediated immunity. In this article, we examine the current literature on the gender and racial differences among COVID-19 patients and further examine the possible biological mechanisms underlying these differences.

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“…Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f epidemic center, took a rapid response in the face of COVID-19 outbreak. The local government and municipal center for disease control and prevention in Qingdao has launched series of aggressive measures to screen, quarantine, diagnose, treat and monitor suspected patients and their close contacts (Jia et al, 2020;Xing et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with negative conversion of viral RNA in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Xing

Jia

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

Self Cite

120

146

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Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 3 Abstract Factors associated with negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospitalized patients have not yet been systematically determined. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients in Qingdao, China. Both univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify independent factors for time to viral RNA negative conversion. Data on patients with re-detectable viral RNA after showing negative on RT-PCR test (intermittent negative status) were also analyzed. A total of 59 patients confirmed with COVID-19 were included in this study, with a median duration of 1 (interquartile range, IQR: 0-2) day from symptom onset to hospital admission. Median communicable period (from first day of positive nucleic acid test to first day of consecutive negative results) was 14 (IQR: 10-18) days, and 7 (IQR: 6-10) days for 10 patients with intermittent negative results. Age older than 45 years (hazard ratio, HR: 0.378; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.205-0.698) and chest tightness (HR: 0.290; 95%CI: 0.091-0.919) were factors indepently affecting negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Headache (odds ratio: 7.553; 95%CI: 1.011-28.253)was significantly associated with intermittent negative status, with a predicted probability of 60%. Older age and chest tightness were independently associated with delayed clearance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospitalized patients. These predictors would provide a new perspective on early identification of patients with prolonged viral shedding and facilitate optimal isolation protocols and treatment strategies.

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Epidemiological Characteristics on the Clustering Nature of COVID-19 in Qingdao City, 2020: A Descriptive Analysis

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Mask wearing in pre-symptomatic patients prevents SARS-CoV-2 transmission: An epidemiological analysis

Mask wearing in pre-symptomatic patients prevents SARS-CoV-2 transmission: An epidemiological analysis

Racial and Gender-Based Differences in COVID-19

Factors associated with negative conversion of viral RNA in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

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