Epidemiological characteristics and seasonal variation of measles, pertussis, and influenza in Kazakhstan between 2010-2020 years

Abstract

<b>Background: </b>Vaccine-preventable diseases such as pertussis, measles, and influenza remain among the most significant medical and socioeconomic issues in Kazakhstan, despite significant vaccination achievements. Thus, here we aimed to analyze the long-term dynamics and provide information on the current epidemiology of pertussis, measles, and influenza in Kazakhstan.<br /> <b>Methods: </b>A retrospective analysis of the long-term dynamics of infectious diseases was carried out using the data from the statistical collections for 2010-2020 and the Unified Payment System from 2014 to 2020.<br /> <b>Results: </b>During the 2010-2020 years, the long-term dynamics show an unequal distribution of pertussis, measles, and influenza-related morbidity. In comparison with earlier years, registration of infectious disease was the highest in 2019 and 2020. The incidence cases among registered infectious diseases in 2019 were: pertussis-147, measles-13,326, and in 2020: influenza-2,678. High incidence rates have been documented in Pavlodar, North Kazakhstan, Mangystau regions, and the cities of Shymkent and Nur-Sultan. The incidence varies depending on the seasonality: pertussis (summer-autumn), measles (winter-spring), and influenza (mostly in winter).<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>The findings highlight the importance of focusing more on the characteristics of the epidemic process of vaccine-preventable diseases in order to assess the effectiveness of implemented measures and verify new routes in strengthening the epidemiological surveillance system.

Pertussis seasonal variation in Northern Vietnam: the evidence from a tertiary hospital

“…Based on specific characteristics such as temperatureand rainfall, which are considered factors that can influence the trend of pertussis disease [ 14 , 15 ], the seasons in Northern Vietnam in this study have been split into three equally long (120 ± 2 days) seasons: (1) December to March - mild weather with occasional cold spells (mild season): with average daytime temperatures is 21.8 0 C, 3.2 sunshine hours per day, and 4.7 rain days per month (a rain day is a day on which at least 0.1 mm precipititation); (2) April to July - hot and rainy (hot season): with average daytime temperatures is 30.9 0 C, 5.3 sunshine hours per day, and 10.9 rain days per month; and (3) August to November - warm with occasional typhoons (warm season): with average daytime temperatures is 29.0 0 C, 5.1 sunshine hours per day, and 8.7 rain days per month [ 15 ].…”

The Association between Parental Child Vaccination Refusal Rate and the Impact of Mass Vaccination against COVID-19 in Kazakhstan: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis with Predictive Modelling of Nationwide Data Sources from 2013 to 2022

“…Against this backdrop, the prevalence of parents expressing hesitation or outright refusal towards vaccination is steadily growing on an annual basis. The fact that Kazakhstan is among the top three countries with the highest measles incidence (13,677 cases) and an increase in pertussis cases (393 cases in 2023, which is 130 times higher compared to the previous year) underscores the urgent need for taking immediate measures to ensure access to information for the population and the development of preventive measures [17,18].…”

Urgent health update: rising measles cases in Kazakhstan

“…According to Yerdessov et al., there has been a steady increase in measles cases in Kazakhstan, escalating from just 4 cases in 2010 to a staggering 13,326 in 2019. 2 This marks the third major measles outbreak in the country in the last 15 years, highlighting a persistent public health challenge.…”

“…This finding underscores the potential for more severe outbreaks in the future, particularly during the colder months. 2 …”