Epidemiological aspects of cysticercose in relation to hydrographic net at triangulo mineiro, MG, Brazil

Abstract

Cysticercosis affects cattle, which develop the larva of Taenia saginata after ingesting their eggs, which are released by humans. It is a parasite that is distributed worldwide. The use of geoprocessing allows a better definition of endemic areas and populations that face different levels of risk and thus creates a basis for specific control programs for each farming system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological situation of bovine cysticercosis in four municipalities in the Triângulo Mineiro region (Romaria, Iraí de Minas, Grupiara and Douradoquara), with special attention given to the influence of the hydrographic network on the spatial distribution of the disease. The properties sampled (68) for laboratory and epidemiological analysis (questionnaire) were also georeferenced. The risk factors were analyzed using the ArcGIS 10.1 program. The animals were submitted to immunodiagnostic tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot) for the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis. After confirming the disease focus properties, the spatial distribution of the cases was analyzed in relation to the watershed of the region. The positive results for bovine cysticercosis on the properties of the municipalities of Romaria and Iraí de Minas were grouped together, which was a significant result (p < 0.01). Although the positive results for bovine cysticercosis in the municipalities of Grupiara and Douradoquara were randomly distributed (p = 0.27), the risk factor that proved to be statistically significant in the regression analysis for cysticercosis transmission was the water source from the river/ stream. From the analysis of the map based on the hydrography of the region, it can be observed that for the distribution of positive cases for bovine cysticercosis in the properties, the main risk factor was the interference of the rivers and their tributaries that fed the municipalities sampled. This study allowed the identification of the prevalence of the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex in the properties of the sampled municipalities (53.84% in Romaria, 45.45% in Grupiara, 37.03% in Iraí de Minas and 35.29% in Douradoquara). The results from this study will help in the prevention and control of this zoonosis in the researched areas. Key words: Bovine cysticercosis. Risk factors. Spatial distribution. Hydrography. ResumoA cisticercose acomete aos bovinos, que desenvolvem a larva da Taenia saginata, a partir da ingestão de seus ovos que são liberados pelos seres humanos. É uma parasitose que tem distribuição mundial. O uso do geoprocessamento possibilita melhor definição de áreas endêmicas e das populações sob diferentes níveis de risco, criando base para programas de controle específicos para cada sistema de criação agropecuária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a situação epidemiológica da cisticercose bovina, em propriedades de quatro municípios da região do Triângulo Mineiro (Romaria, Iraí de Minas, Grupiara e Douradoquara), com especial atenção sobre a influência da rede hidrog...

The survival and dispersal of Taenia eggs in the environment: what are the implications for transmission? A systematic review

“…As egg survival is determined by humidity, eggs are able to survive in water for a long time. Furthermore, several articles pinpointed access to surface water or the proximity of a wastewater treatment plant as risk factors for cysticercosis [61][62][63].…”

“…Boone et al [62] reported that the flooding of pastures, free access of cattle to surface water and proximity of wastewater effluent were explanatory variables for bovine cysticercosis in Belgium. In Brazil, the water source from rivers or streams was determined to be the main risk factor for bovine cysticercosis in multiple farms [63]. The flooding of agricultural land and grassland has also been associated with human and porcine cysticercosis in Kenya [64].…”

Systematic review and meta-analysis of bovine cysticercosis in Brazil: current knowledge and way forward

“…In Brazil, beef cattle are raised mostly extensive [76], where cattle feeding occurs in large areas of pastures with free access to uncontrolled water sources. The relation with access to contaminated water has been described by several authors in Brazil, detailing risks such as the free access of cattle to uncontrolled water sources [7], the presence of flooded pastures [27] or areas with a high rainfall index [23], proximity to rivers and their tributaries that fed municipalities [47], and poor quality of water [37]. Similar risk factors have been reported in other countries, such as the access to risky water sources with sewage treatment effluent plant in proximity [77], the flooding of pastures and free access to surface water, Access of cattle to non-controlled water sources and sport fishing activities near the farms States of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul Case-control study in farms based on post-mortem data Rossi et al [7] Animal purchasing and presence of flooded pastures Paraíba State Logistic regression of results obtained for herd-level using serological analyses…”

“…Case-control study in farms Acevedo-Nieto et al [61] Interference of the rivers and their tributaries that fed the municipalities Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Risk analysis along with mapping and spatial analysis of data Duarte et al [47] Raising animals in regions with large human population, percentage or urban houses and rural areas with inappropriate sewage system and the proximity of wastewater effluent [78]. Water supply for animals appears to be the most frequent route of infection for animals in Spain [79].…”

Perfil epidemiológico do complexo teníase-cisticercose na Província do Huambo-Angola

“…. Assim, a utilização do georreferenciamento poderá facilitar a adoção de medidas sanitárias para controle e redução do impacto do complexo teníase cisticercose (Rossi et al, 2016;Duarte et al, 2018). ; ASSANA, E.; NGUEKAM, J. P.; DORNY, P.; BRANDT, J.; GEERTS, S. Regional status, epidemiology and impact of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Western and Central Africa.…”