Epidemiological and preventive aspects of cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation in Sweden

Hagberg, B

doi:10.1007/bf00442344

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Calameet al (3) found that all severe handicaps in preterm AGA babies were related to severe neonatal complications, whereas only a third of the major handicaps in preterm SGA groups could be related to perinatal complications (3). Hagberg reported that very small-for-gestational age premature babies are at a fifteenfold risk ofcerebral palsy, whereas babies born prematurely with a weight appropriate for gestational age still represent the largest risk group (10). Our study shows that preterm SGA infants are at higher risk for developmental delays than term SGA infants, and most of the developmental abnormalities in SGA children are associated with chromosomal or other malformations or neonatal complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Developmental Outcome of 519 Small-for-Gestational Age Children at the Age of Two Years

Tenovuo¹,

Kero²,

Korvenranta³

et al. 1988

Neuropediatrics

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At the age of two years developmental outcome of 519 small-for-gestational age (SGA) children and 3375 control children was studied in southwestern Finland. A modification of the Denver Developmental Screening Test was used for follow-up. A significantly higher number of developmental abnormalities was found in SGA children than in the control children at the age of two years. Significant differences were found in walking, manual performance and comprehension between SGA and control children. Asphyxia was the only perinatal complication associated with later developmental abnormalities in SGA infants. Term SGA infants had a significantly higher frequency of developmental delays than term appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants. In preterm infants no difference was found between SGA and AGA infants. Poor head growth during the first two years of life was an important risk factor for later developmental abnormality in SGA infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Developmental Outcome of 519 Small-for-Gestational Age Children at the Age of Two Years

Tenovuo¹,

Kero²,

Korvenranta³

et al. 1988

Neuropediatrics

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“…The Western Australian pattern of increasing incidence among LBW infants is contrary to that found over a more similar time-span in Sweden (Hagberg 1975a). In later years , however, Hagberg found there has been an increase in the rate of spastic diplegia among LBW infants in the same area of Sweden, coincident with the introduction of neonatal intensive care units (Hagberg 1979). Davies and Tizard (1975), in a study of very LBW infants (< 1500g)in London, also showed a decline in the incidence of spastic diplegia up to 1970.…”

Section: Incidence and Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Predictions were made that intensive-care management of LBW infants would increase the number of survivors, but also would increase the number who were handicapped (Drillien 1958, Davies 1976, Franco and Andrews 1977, Thompson and Reynolds 1977. This pessimistic prognosis for LBW infants seems to be undergoing revision in some countries (Steward and Reynolds 1974, Hagberg 1975a), but not in Western Australia or Eire (Cussen et al 1979), or recently in Sweden (Hagberg 1979). Perhaps some explanation lies in the time of commencement of neonatal intensive care.…”

Section: Incidence and Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spastic Diplegia Among Children of Low and Normal Birthweight

Atkinson

Stanley

1983

Develop Med Child Neuro

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SUMMARY Data from a population‐based Cerebral Palsy Register in Western Australia were analysed for children born between 1956 and 1975, and low birthweight (LBW) and normal birthweight (NBW) infants were compared. Control populations of similar birthweight to the cases were available from Western Australia live births. The incidence of spastic diplegia among LBW infants was higher than among those of NBW. The relative risk for LBW infants increased from 12‐ to 26‐fold between 1961 and 1975, and those who previously would have died were surviving to be more severely disabled, both physically and intellectually. For LBW infants the risk of spastic diplegia increased both with increasing maternal age and with birth order; for NBW infants birth order was of main importance. LBW singletons, NBW twins and those born in rural hospitals had increased risk of spastic diplegia. More antenatal problems were seen in the LBW group, whereas the NBW group had higher rates of perinatal problems. Thus the groups may differ aetiologically, the LBW group having a greater likelihood of being damaged in utero, whereas the NBW group may have become brain‐damaged as a result of traumatic deliveries. RÉSUMÉ Diplégie spastique chez les enfants de poids de naissance faible et normal Les données provenant d'un recueil d'informations sur l'IMC dans la population en Australie Occidentale et portant sur les enfants nés entre 1956 et 1965 ont permis de comparer des nourrissons à faible poids de naissance (LBW) et des nourrissons à poids de naissance normal (NBW). Un contrôle de population normale et de poids de naissance similaire a pu être effectuéà partir des données concernant les enfants nés vivants. L'incidence de la diplégie spastique dans le groupe LBW est apparue plus élevée que dans le groupe NBW. Le risque relatif pour le groupe LBW est passé de 12 à 26 fois entre 1961 et 1975 et les enfants qui seraient antérieurement morts ont survécu avec des infirmités plus graves tant physiques qu'intellectuelles. Dans le groupe LBW, le risque de diplégie spastique apparait accru avec avec l'âge de la mère et le rang de naissance. Dans le groupe NBW, I'ordre de naissance est apparu fondamental. Le risque de diplégie spastique parait plus élevé pour les enfants LBW nés seuls, les jumeaux NBW et les enfants nés en Hôpitaux ruraux. Les difficultés prénatales sont apparues plus fréquentes dans le groupe LBW. Les difficultés périnatales dans le groupe NBW. Les deux groupes different donc étiologiquement, le groupe LBW présentant une plus grande probabilité de lésions in utero, tandis qu'un traumatisme d'accouchement peut être le responsable d'une lésion cérébrale dans le groupe NBW. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Spastische Diplegie bei Kindern mit geringem und normalem Geburtsgewicht Die Daten eines Cerebralparese‐Registers in West Australien wurde nach Kindern durchgesehen, die zwischen 1956 und 1975 geboren worden waren und es wurden die Kinder mit geringem Geburtsgewicht (GGW) mit den Kindern mit normalem Geburtsgewicht (NGW) verglichen. Kontrollkinder mit ent...

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“…This may well be due to the large reserve function of the placenta and that additional factors, such as perinatal asphyxia, may also need to occur to result in impaired neurodevelopment. This concept is supported by the findings of a Swedish epidemiological study on children with cerebral palsy (Hagberg 1979), which concluded that 'fetal deprivation of supply' together with 'asphyxia' were significant risk factors in children with cerebral palsy. Notably in our cohort only one infant had an Apgar score of <7 at 5 minutes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Placental pathology and neurodevelopment of the infant with intrauterine growth restriction

Gray¹,

O’Callaghan

Harvey

et al. 1999

Develop Med Child Neuro

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The placentas of 68 infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) were examined for evidence of impaired uteroplacental circulation and compared with those of 65 appropriately grown infants. Infarcts and/or accelerated villous maturation were present in the placentas in 27 (40%) of the infants with IUGR compared with seven (11%) of the infants without IUGR (P<0.001). The infants were followed‐up at 4 and 12 months of age and growth parameters recorded. Medical and developmental assessments and neuromotor developmental examinations were also performed. The 23 infants in the IUGR group with placentas with evidence of impaired uteroplacental circulation were compared with the 31 infants with IUGR with normal placentas. There was no difference between the groups in growth, cognitive development, or neuromotor abnormality. It was concluded that IUGR is strongly associated with placental markers of impaired uteroplacental blood flow while it would appear that there is no association between placental pathology and growth or neurodevelopment in the first year.

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Epidemiological and preventive aspects of cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation in Sweden

Cited by 44 publications

References 11 publications

Developmental Outcome of 519 Small-for-Gestational Age Children at the Age of Two Years

Developmental Outcome of 519 Small-for-Gestational Age Children at the Age of Two Years

Spastic Diplegia Among Children of Low and Normal Birthweight

Placental pathology and neurodevelopment of the infant with intrauterine growth restriction

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