Epidemiological and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in urban pigeons from the area of Lisbon (Portugal)

Waap, Helga; Vilares, Anabela; Rebêlo, E.; Gomes, Maria Salomé; Ângelo, Helena

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.07.017

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This prevalence was similar to that obtained by Waap et al (2008) (4.8%) in Lisbon, Portugal and higher than that observed by Godoi et al (2008) in Sorocaba, Brazil. All samples were negative for antigen diagnosis, as reported by Godoi et al (2008) using bioassay; however, the obtained percentages were lower than those obtained by Waap et al (2008) (12/23; 52.17%) using PCR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Chlamydophila psittaci and Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigeons (Columba livia) from São Paulo State, Brazil

Lima

Langoni

Silva

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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Pigeons (Columba livia) cohabit with humans in urban and rural areas, representing a public health problem since microorganisms are transmitted through the inhalation of dust from their dry feces (chlamydiosis) and through ingestion of their undercooked or poorly refrigerated meat (toxoplasmosis). This study aimed to evaluate the presence of Chlamydophila psittaci and Toxoplasma gondii in pigeons from four cities in São Paulo State, Brazil. C. psittaci was evaluated through hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (hnPCR) using cloacal and tracheal swabs, whereas T. gondii specific antibodies were assessed by means of modified agglutination test (MAT), mouse brain and muscle bioassay, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To confirm the infection in mice, T. gondii antibodies were assayed by using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Considering C. psittaci, 40/238 (16.8%; 95%CI 12.6-22.1%) samples were positive according to hnPCR, especially for the cities of São Paulo (42.5%) and Bauru (35%). As regards T. gondii, 12/238 (5%; 95%CI 2.9-8.6%) serum samples were positive according to MAT. Of these, five samples had titer equal to 1:8; six samples, 1:16; and one sample, 1:32. Bioassay, IFAT and PCR were negative for mouse toxoplasmosis. The absence of T. gondii antibodies suggests that pigeons may be infected with a low concentration of the agent, not detected by the antigen test. Thus, C. psittaci represents an actual problem concerning bird health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These results show the reduced risk of infection in the studied area due to the food provided to pigeons, differently from the risk reported by Waap et al (2008). In zoo areas, free pigeons eat the food of captive animals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

Chlamydophila psittaci and Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigeons (Columba livia) from São Paulo State, Brazil

Lima

Langoni

Silva

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Two other clonal lineages are occasionally (type III) or exceptionally (type I) found in Europe. Type III may be more frequently encountered in Southern Europe (86,331). The isolation of atypical strains which do not fit into these 3 major lineages is rare in Europe and likely suggests contamination by non-European strains either during residence abroad or after the consumption of imported food (12,261).…”

Section: Genotypes and Their Geographic Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

2012

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SUMMARY The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii was discovered a little over 100 years ago, but knowledge of its biological life cycle and its medical importance has grown in the last 40 years. This obligate intracellular parasite was identified early as a pathogen responsible for congenital infection, but its clinical expression and the importance of reactivations of infections in immunocompromised patients were recognized later, in the era of organ transplantation and HIV infection. Recent knowledge of host cell-parasite interactions and of parasite virulence has brought new insights into the comprehension of the pathophysiology of infection. In this review, we focus on epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, putting them in perspective with current knowledge of parasite genotypes. In particular, we provide critical information on diagnostic methods according to the patient's background and discuss the implementation of screening tools for congenital toxoplasmosis according to health policies.

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“…(7), IgG response was investigated with ELISA in experimentally infected pigeon and all of the infected groups demonstrated seroconversion. In pigeons, Kirkpatrick et al (17) found seroprevalence of T. gondii to be 5.9% by using MAT in the USA, Ghorbani et al (25) detected the seroprevalence rate of T. gondii as 33.3% by using IHA in Iran, Mushi et al (26) detected T. gondii specific antibodies as 100% by using IHA in South Africa, Waap et al (19) found the T. gondii seroprevalence to be 4.6% by using In Turkey, the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis has not been extensively investigated and little is known of the distribution and prevalence of the diseases in pigeons, because there are few reports regarding it. The first report on toxoplasmosis in pigeons from Ankara was studied by Babür et al (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Domestic (Columba livia domestica) and Wild (Columba livia livia) Pigeons in Niğde region, Turkey

Karatepe¹,

Kılıç²,

Karatepe³

et al. 2011

TurkiyeParazitolDerg

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Epidemiological and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in urban pigeons from the area of Lisbon (Portugal)

Cited by 32 publications

References 23 publications

Chlamydophila psittaci and Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigeons (Columba livia) from São Paulo State, Brazil

Chlamydophila psittaci and Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigeons (Columba livia) from São Paulo State, Brazil

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Domestic (Columba livia domestica) and Wild (Columba livia livia) Pigeons in Niğde region, Turkey

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