Epidemiologic Survey for Brucella suis Biovar 2 in a Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Population in Northwest Italy

Bergagna, Stefania; Zoppi, Simona; Ferroglio, E.; Gobetto, Mario; Dondo, Alessandro; Giannatale, Elisabetta Di; Gennero, Maria Silvia; Grattarola, Carla

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.1178

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Many Red deer populations present in Piedmont are characterized by high densities of animals [54]. In particular, 62.5% of Babesia -infected Red deer came from a low altitude fenced forest (Parco Regionale La Mandria; 3600 ha) mainly composed of broad-leaved trees and permanent meadows where the estimated Red deer population is very high (6–14 heads/km 2 ) [55]. Tick-favorable conditions together with the high density population and gregarious habits of C. elaphus are possible causes of the high infection rate we found in Red deer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piroplasmosis in wildlife: Babesia and Theileria affecting free-ranging ungulates and carnivores in the Italian Alps

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPiroplasmosis are among the most relevant diseases of domestic animals. Babesia is emerging as cause of tick-borne zoonosis worldwide and free-living animals are reservoir hosts of several zoonotic Babesia species. We investigated the epidemiology of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in wild ungulates and carnivores from Northern Italy to determine which of these apicomplexan species circulate in wildlife and their prevalence of infection.MethodsPCR amplification of the V4 hyper-variable region of the 18S rDNA of Babesia sp./Theileria sp was carried out on spleen samples of 1036 wild animals: Roe deer Capreolus capreolus (n = 462), Red deer Cervus elaphus (n = 52), Alpine Chamois Rupicapra rupicapra (n = 36), Fallow deer Dama dama (n = 17), Wild boar Sus scrofa (n = 257), Red fox Vulpes vulpes (n = 205) and Wolf Canis lupus (n = 7). Selected positive samples were sequenced to determine the species of amplified Babesia/Theileria DNA.ResultsBabesia/Theileria DNA was found with a mean prevalence of 9.94% (IC95% 8.27-11.91). The only piroplasms found in carnivores was Theileria annae, which was detected in two foxes (0.98%; IC95% 0.27-3.49). Red deer showed the highest prevalence of infection (44.23%; IC95% 31.6-57.66), followed by Alpine chamois (22.22%; IC95% 11.71-38.08), Roe deer (12.55%; IC95% 9.84-15.89), and Wild boar (4.67%; IC95% 2.69-7.98). Genetic analysis identified Babesia capreoli as the most prevalent piroplasmid found in Alpine chamois, Roe deer and Red deer, followed by Babesia bigemina (found in Roe deer, Red deer and Wild boar), and the zoonotic Babesia venatorum (formerly Babesia sp. EU1) isolated from 2 Roe deer. Piroplasmids of the genus Theileria were identified in Wild boar and Red deer.ConclusionsThe present study offers novel insights into the role of wildlife in Babesia/Theileria epidemiology, as well as relevant information on genetic variability of piroplasmids infecting wild ungulates and carnivores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piroplasmosis in wildlife: Babesia and Theileria affecting free-ranging ungulates and carnivores in the Italian Alps

et al. 2014

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“…Brucellosis caused by B. suis biovar 2 is frequently reported in the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) and the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus), and apparent prevalence ranging from 8 to 32% has been reported in wild boar in the EU [66]. The pathogenicity for humans of B. suis biovars 1, 3 and 4 is well established, whereas B. suis biovar 2 seems to be less pathogenic.…”

Section: European Unionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis - Risk Factors and Prevalence: A Review

Lopes¹,

Nicolino²,

Haddad³

2010

TOVSJ

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Brucella is one of the major zoonotic pathogens worldwide, and it is responsible for enormous economic losses as well as considerable human morbidity in endemic areas. The organism infects animals such as swine, cattle, goat, sheep, and dogs. Humans can become infected indirectly through contact with infected animals or by animal products consumption. Brucellosis occurs worldwide, but it is well controlled in most developed countries. The disease is rare in industrialized nations because of routine screening of domestic livestock and animal vaccination programmes. Clinical disease is still common in the Middle East, Asia, Africa, South and Central America, the Mediterranean Basin, and the Caribbean. This review article aims to describe the prevalence of brucellosis in some countries where data are available around different regions of world, and risk factors associated infections according regression models.

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“…In some European countries, wild boars and hares are widely infected with B. suis biovar 2 (Bergagna et al, 2009;Cvetnic et al, 2009;Galindo et al, 2010). Occupational exposure and ingestion of contaminated food products are the main routes of infection for humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Brucella epidemiological control has seen considerable progress in the last years, several recent reports raise concerns. In some European countries, wild boars and hares are widely infected with B. suis biovar 2 (Bergagna et al, 2009;Cvetnic et al, 2009;Galindo et al, 2010). Approximately 50% of the bison population in the Greater Yellowstone Area in the USA have been found infected with B. abortus (Olsen, 2010;Scurlock & Edwards, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal affairs: investigating theBrucellaintracellular lifestyle

2012

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Bacteria of the genus Brucella are Gram‐negative pathogens of several animal species that cause a zoonotic disease in humans known as brucellosis or Malta fever. Within their hosts, brucellae reside within different cell types where they establish a replicative niche and remain protected from the immune response. The aim of this article is to discuss recent advances in the field in the specific context of the Brucella intracellular ‘lifestyle’. We initially discuss the different host cell targets and their relevance during infection. As it represents the key to intracellular replication, the focus is then set on the maturation of the Brucella phagosome, with particular emphasis on the Brucella factors that are directly implicated in intracellular trafficking and modulation of host cell signalling pathways. Recent data on the role of the type IV secretion system are discussed, novel effector molecules identified and how some of them impact on trafficking events. Current knowledge on Brucella gene regulation and control of host cell death are summarized, as they directly affect intracellular persistence. Understanding how Brucella molecules interplay with their host cell targets to modulate cellular functions and establish the intracellular niche will help unravel how this pathogen causes disease.

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Epidemiologic Survey for Brucella suis Biovar 2 in a Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Population in Northwest Italy

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Piroplasmosis in wildlife: Babesia and Theileria affecting free-ranging ungulates and carnivores in the Italian Alps

Piroplasmosis in wildlife: Babesia and Theileria affecting free-ranging ungulates and carnivores in the Italian Alps

Brucellosis - Risk Factors and Prevalence: A Review

Internal affairs: investigating theBrucellaintracellular lifestyle

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