Epidemiologic study of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in male volunteer blood donors in Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: The magnitude of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) varies substantially between the countries. A better understanding of incidence and/ or prevalence of HBV infection and associated risk factors provides insight into the transmission of this infection in the community. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence of and to identify the risk factors associated with chronic infection with HBV, as assessed by HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, in asymptomatic volunteer male blood donors in Karachi, Pakistan.

Risk factors from HBV infection among blood donors: A systematic review

“…Said et al [11] (2013) Cross-sectional 5/5 1/2 3/3 9/10 El Beltagy et al [12] (2008) Cross-sectional 5/5 2/2 3/3 10/10 Jagannathan et al [13] (2010) Case-cohort (nested case-control) 4/4 2/2 3/3 9/9 Akhtar et al [14] (2005) Case-control 4/4 2/2 3/3 9/9 Nascimento et al [15] (2008) Case-control 4/4 2/2 3/3 9/9 factors associated with HBV infection. The seroprevalence of anti-HBc increased with age among men (P trend = 0.000 2) and women (P trend = 0.000 5).…”

“…Akhtar et al [14] conducted an epidemiologic study to better understanding the associated risk factors of chronic infection with HBV in asymptomatic volunteer male blood donors in Pakistan. They showed that cases received more often inadequate and unsafe dental treatment in comparison to the controls (AOR = 9.8; 95% CI: 2.1-46.1), as well as received injections (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.1-9.6) or received injection through a glass syringe (AOR = 9.4; 95% CI: 2.6-34.3).…”

“…Two of the selected studies were cross-sectional [11,12] , and three of them were case-control studies [13][14][15] .…”

“…El Beltagy et al [12] did not find a significant association with history of exposure to high-risk procedure or behavior while in literature parenteral routes are implicated as the most likely factors for HBV transmission that include unsterilized needles and syringes in health-care settings [30,31] . In their study, Akhtar et al found that dental care provider and injections are risk factors [14]. In the general population, history of repeated blood transfusions [32], history of injections [33], including re-use of contaminated syringes, contaminated surgical instruments and blood products [34]; number of pregnancies [35]; hemodialysis [36]; tooth extraction [32]; dental procedures, needle prick and surgical procedures for health care workers [37] ; unsafe surgery [38] are the main risk factors.…”

A Study of the Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Among Adult Rural Population of Phulwari Sharif Block, Patna

“…24 In Brazil, it was shown that blood transfusion is among the predictors of the HBV exposure. 25 In two different studies conducted in Italy, blood transfusion and surgical intervention were among the independent risk factors. 26.27 Surgical Procedure Forty-two of the participants had history of surgery in the past, and among them 20 were cases and 22 are controls.…”