Epidemiologic Studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Infants: Antibody Response to Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Types 3, 19, and 23

Gray, Barry M.; Converse, George M.; Huhta, N.; Johnston, RichardB.; Pichichero, M. E.; Schiffman, Gerald; Dillon, Hugh C.

doi:10.1093/infdis/144.4.312

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As expected on the basis of previous reports (7)(8)(9)19), a direct correlation was observed between serum levels of antibodies targeted to the majority of pneumococcal serotypes and the age of children. However, statistical significance was reached only for antibodies to serotype 19B in unvaccinated noncarriers and for serotype 14 in unvaccinated carriers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Type-Specific Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Acquired either Naturally or after Vaccination with Prevenar in Children with Underlying Chronic or Recurrent Lung Diseases

Navarro

Escribano

Cebrián

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The antibody response to capsular polysaccharides of pneumococcal serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F elicited either naturally or after vaccination with Prevenar was investigated in a cohort of children (n ‫؍‬ 163) with underlying chronic or recurrent lung diseases at risk of developing pneumococcal pneumonia and ultimately invasive disease. Serum concentrations of serotype-specific antibodies, as measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, in unvaccinated children (n ‫؍‬ 88) were higher in nasopharyngeal carriers (n ‫؍‬ 10) than in noncarriers (n ‫؍‬ 78) both at baseline and during follow-up. However, the antibody levels depended on the serotype and age of the children. During the study period, 35% of unvaccinated noncarriers and 60% of unvaccinated carriers displayed serum antibodies to all serotypes above the reported WHO working group putative protective serum concentration against invasive disease (0.2 g/ml). Overall, children vaccinated with Prevenar before enrollment (n ‫؍‬ 61), irrespective of their carrier status, displayed significantly higher serum levels of antibodies to all serotypes than unvaccinated children. More than 85% of the vaccinated children had protective serum antibody concentrations at baseline; although antibody titers tended to decrease over time, the above-mentioned figure remained without change at the end of follow-up. The vaccine Prevenar elicited a significant rise in serum antibody concentrations against all serotypes in 14 children vaccinated at entry. All of these children acquired and maintained serum antibody levels of >0.2 g/ml throughout the study (a mean of 13 months of follow-up). These data support the systematic use of the vaccine Prevenar in children with underlying chronic or recurrent lung diseases and stress the fact that a percentage of vaccinated children may need to be revaccinated in order to achieve protection against pneumococcal disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Type-Specific Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Acquired either Naturally or after Vaccination with Prevenar in Children with Underlying Chronic or Recurrent Lung Diseases

Navarro

Escribano

Cebrián

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…All but one of 19 children in this investigation who carried penicillin-resistant pneumococci were under three years of age, compared with 84 of 134 carriers of penicillin-sensitive strains (X2 = 6-3; P < 0 02). The increased susceptibility of young children to colonization by penicillin-resistant pneumococci may be connected with the fact that the immune response to pneumococcal polysacchrides 6 and 19 is poorly developed before the age of two years (Cowan et al 1978;Miikelii et al 1980;Gray et al 1981). Thus it is conceivable that children whose resident upper respiratory tract flora is suppressed as a consequence of anitibiotic therapy are particularly liable to colonization with penicillin-resistant strains if they have no pre-existing immunity to these bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in hospitalized children

Robins-Browne

Kharsany

Koornhof

1984

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYA search for nasopharyngeal carriers of Streptococcus pneumoniae was conducted in 573 children hospitalized in Durban, South Africa. Study subjects were divided into two groups, comprising 305 new admissions and 268 patients who had been hospitalized for more than 24 h. Ofthe 573 children 178(31 %) yielded pneumococci on nasopharyngeal culture; 99 (32 %) and 79 (29 %) children in the new admission and in-patient categories respectively. Twenty-one (120%) pneumococci were resistant to penicillin, including 11 strains that were resistant to more than one antibiotic. Resistant pneumococci belonged exclusively to serotypes 6 and 19 (Danish nomenclature), which were also the commonest serotypes among penicillinsensitive strains. Factors that correlated with carriage of penicillin-resistant pneumococci were hospitalization for more than 24 h, young age and recent exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics.

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“…treptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) colonizes the mucosal surface of the upper respiratory tract in early childhood, persisting as a symptomless commensal in the nasopharynxes of healthy individuals (27,37). Although the mechanism(s) whereby pneumococcal colonization progresses to infection of otherwise sterile sites is not fully understood, transition to infection has been associated with preceding virus infections or other compromising assaults that commonly disrupt natural immunological barriers (10,47,74).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal Interactions with Epithelial Cells Are Crucial for Optimal Biofilm Formation and Colonization In Vitro and In Vivo

2012

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The human nasopharynx is the main reservoir for Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) and the source for both horizontal spread and transition to infection. Some clinical evidence indicates that nasopharyngeal carriage is harder to eradicate with antibiotics than is pneumococcal invasive disease, which may suggest that colonizing pneumococci exist in biofilm communities that are more resistant to antibiotics. While pneumococcal biofilms have been observed during symptomatic infection, their role in colonization and the role of host factors in this process have been less studied. Here, we show for the first time that pneumococci form highly structured biofilm communities during colonization of the murine nasopharynx that display increased antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, pneumococcal biofilms grown on respiratory epithelial cells exhibited phenotypes similar to those observed during colonization in vivo, whereas abiotic surfaces produced less ordered and more antibiotic-sensitive biofilms. The importance of bacterial-epithelial cell interactions during biofilm formation was shown using both clinical strains with variable colonization efficacies and pneumococcal mutants with impaired colonization characteristics in vivo. In both cases, the ability of strains to form biofilms on epithelial cells directly correlated with their ability to colonize the nasopharynx in vivo, with colonization-deficient strains forming less structured and more antibiotic-sensitive biofilms on epithelial cells, an association that was lost when grown on abiotic surfaces. Thus, these studies emphasize the importance of host-bacterial interactions in pneumococcal biofilm formation and provide the first experimental data to explain the high resistance of pneumococcal colonization to eradication by antibiotics.

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Epidemiologic Studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Infants: Antibody Response to Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Types 3, 19, and 23

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Type-Specific Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Acquired either Naturally or after Vaccination with Prevenar in Children with Underlying Chronic or Recurrent Lung Diseases

Type-Specific Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Acquired either Naturally or after Vaccination with Prevenar in Children with Underlying Chronic or Recurrent Lung Diseases

Antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in hospitalized children

Pneumococcal Interactions with Epithelial Cells Are Crucial for Optimal Biofilm Formation and Colonization In Vitro and In Vivo

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