Antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in hospitalized children

Abstract

SUMMARYA search for nasopharyngeal carriers of Streptococcus pneumoniae was conducted in 573 children hospitalized in Durban, South Africa. Study subjects were divided into two groups, comprising 305 new admissions and 268 patients who had been hospitalized for more than 24 h. Ofthe 573 children 178(31 %) yielded pneumococci on nasopharyngeal culture; 99 (32 %) and 79 (29 %) children in the new admission and in-patient categories respectively. Twenty-one (120%) pneumococci were resistant to penicillin, including 11 strains that were resistant to more than one antibiotic. Resistant pneumococci belonged exclusively to serotypes 6 and 19 (Danish nomenclature), which were also the commonest serotypes among penicillinsensitive strains. Factors that correlated with carriage of penicillin-resistant pneumococci were hospitalization for more than 24 h, young age and recent exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing the nasopharynx of Colombian children with pneumonia

“…In Spain, Hungary, and South Africa, very high rates of penicillin resistance have been found in both colonizing and invasive isolates (9,25). The 17% frequency of diminished sensitivity to penicillin documented in this study is significantly higher than rates reported in Uruguay (3%) (20), Pakistan (12%) (11), and South Africa (12%) (26). Serotypes 6,14,19, and 23 have been associated with resistance to penicillin or multiple drugs.…”

Prevalence of carriage of antimicrobial resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in primary school children in Hong Kong

“…High carriage rates of penicillin-resistant pneumococci in the community have been associated with an increased incidence of clinical infection with resistant strains [4,[15][16][17]. Healthy children may act as an important reservoir of resistant strains of the organism [18]. Several risk factors for carriage of antibioticresistant strains in children have been described including recent hospital admission, recent antibiotic use and attendance at day-care centres [19][20][21].…”

Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizante de nasofaringe en niños colombianos con neumonía

“…En España, Hungría y Sudáfrica se han hallado porcentajes muy elevados de resistencia a la penicilina tanto en aislamientos colonizantes como invasivos (9,25). El porcentaje de sensibilidad disminuida a la penicilina encontrado en este estudio (17%) es importante y es mayor que los notificados en Uruguay (3%) (20), Pakistán (12%) (11) y Sudáfrica (12%) (26).…”

“…Entre los factores que se han relacionado con la adquisición o infección con cepas resistentes está la exposición previa a agentes antimicrobianos (26,36). En Sudáfrica el uso previo de penicilina y cloranfenicol se ha hallado asociado con proporciones significativamente más altas de portadores de cepas resistentes a esos dos antimicrobianos (30).…”

“…En esta investigación, el uso previo de antibióticos mostró una asociación significativa con la presencia de resistencia en S. pneumoniae y los antibióticos utilizados con mayor frecuencia fueron los betalactámicos. Estos datos concuerdan con los informados en la literatura (26,30).…”