Epidemiologic shift in the prevalence of Hepatitis A virus in Saudi Arabia: A case for routine Hepatitis A vaccination

Almuneef, Maha; Memish, Ziad A.; Balkhy, Hanan H.; Qahtani, Mohammad Al; Alotaibi, Badriyah; Hajeer, Ali H.; Qasim, L.; Knawy, Bandar Al

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.04.038

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Al Muneef and colleagues found a hepatitis A seroprevalence of 28.9% in 2399 Saudi children two years ago [18] . However, the present study which was performed on the same population cohort three times over the past 18 years showed a graded but dramatic decline in prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing patterns of hepatitis A prevalence within the Saudi population over the last 18 years

Faleh¹,

Shehri²,

Ansari³

et al. 2008

WJG

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0.0001). CONCLUSION: Over the last 18 years, there has been a marked decline in the prevalence of HAV in Saudi children and adolescents. The current low prevalence rates call for strict adherence to vaccination policies in high-risk patients and raises the question of a universal HAV vaccination program. INTRODUCTIONHepatitis A (HAV) is a major health problem worldwide and, like other enteric infectious diseases, is classically an infection of childhood. Although acute infection commonly passes unnoticed, a significant proportion of patients may have fulminant liver failure, especially patients with liver cirrhosis or immune deficiencies. Generally, its prevalence pattern varies from one population to the other and is closely related to the socioeconomic conditions of sanitation and hygiene. An improvement in sanitation and living standards in many areas of the world has caused the epidemiology of HAV to rapidly evolve. As such, with an improvement in living conditions, more clinical cases are being diagnosed owing to the increased age of those susceptible, which is paradoxical to childhood infection where the majority of infections are subclinical [1][2][3][4][5] . The availability of safe and efficacious vaccines against HAV has made it Abstract AIM: To determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis A (HAV) amongst Saudi children and compare it with previously reported prevalence data from the same population. METHODS: A total of 1357 students were randomly selected between the ages of 16 and 18 years (689 males and 668 females) from three different regions of Saudi Arabia (Madinah, Al-Qaseem, and Aseer) and tested for anti-HAV-IgG. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anti-HAV-IgG among the study population was 18.6%. There was no difference between males and females but there was a significant difference in the seroprevalence (P = 0.0001) between the three different regions, with Madinah region showing the highest prevalence (27.4%). When classified according to socioeconomic status, lower class students had a prevalence of 36.6%, lower middle class 16.6%, upper middle class 9.6%, and upper class 5.9% (P = 0.0001). Comparing the current study results with those of previous studies in 1989 and 1997 involving the same population, there was a marked reduction in the overall prevalence of HAV

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing patterns of hepatitis A prevalence within the Saudi population over the last 18 years

Faleh¹,

Shehri²,

Ansari³

et al. 2008

WJG

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“…Hepatitis A virus infection is often asymptomatic in childhood and its morbidity and fatality increase by age. In a study on newly hired employees of a care center in Riyadh in 2006, 67% were seropositive; whereas, 86% of seropositivity was shown by Fathalla et al among 11674 healthy population of Eastern Saudi [11,12]. More attention should be given to the subjects in the age group 21-40 years who are at their reproductive age and the major work force of the country.…”

Section: Journal Of Biomedical Sciences Issn 2254-609xmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hepatitis A virus infection among apparently healthy Nigerian Subjects

Okara¹,

Hassan²,

Obeagu³

2017

J Biomedical Sci

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Citation: OkaraGC, Hassan S, Obeagu EI. Hepatitis A virus infection among apparently healthy Nigerian Subjects. J Biomedical Sci. 2017, 6:2. AbstractA study to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection among apparently healthy Nigerian subjects aged between 2 and 80 years is reported. Serum anti-HAV IgM specific antibody was measured in blood samples of 1532 apparently healthy subjects (1138 males and 394 females) attending Dr. Hassan's Hospital & Diagnostic Centre, Abuja, Nigeria using standard methods. The subjects were clients who visited the hospital for routine health check during a 15-month period from November 2014 to February 2016. The results showed that 1487 (97.06%) were seronegative, 45 (2.94%) were seropositive. There were significantly higher seropositive results for males (2.48%) compared to females (0.46%). The seroprevalence of HAV among the subjects of this study is considerably lower than the previous reports from Nigeria. The lower prevalence in this study could be due to the socioeconomic status of the subjects, who were mainly professionals and their family members. The reduced prevalence could be due to improved food hygiene, immunization and greater awareness among the subjects of the study group. Improvements in hygienic and socio-economic conditions are known factors that result in a decrease in the prevalence of the disease.

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“…Considerando todas as faixas etárias, ocorreu uma maior prevalência de anticorpos contra o VHA total nas Figura 1 -Soroprevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite A por faixa etária comparativa entre Curitiba e as outras cidades da região metropolitana faixa etária de 6 a 10 foi de 27,7% 7 , e na Arábia Saudita, com 30% de positividade na faixa etária de 12 a 15 anos 6 . Em estudo multicêntrico realizado em quatro regiões do Brasil, observou-se prevalência de anticorpos contra hepatite A em 35,1, 53,9 e 60,7% em crianças entre 1 a 5 anos, 6 a 10 anos e 11 a 15 anos, respectivamente.…”

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“…Nos últimos anos, as melhorias nas condições socioeconômicas e sanitárias que ocorreram em alguns países em desenvolvimento propiciaram alterações na epidemiologia de algumas doenças, entre elas, a hepatite A [5][6][7][8][9] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A in children and adolescents

et al. 2011

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Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A (HAV) in children and adolescents aged 1 to 14 years, and to identify factors associated with a history of infection.Methods: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted form February to August 2006 in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, and the surrounding municipalities (Greater Curitiba). Laboratory analysis comprised qualitative assay for total HAV antibodies in whole blood samples.Results: A total of 901 children and adolescents were recruited for the study. Age distribution was as follows: 1 to 4 years, n = 237 (26.3%); 5 to 9 years, n = 313 (34.7%); and 10 to 14 years, n = 351 (39%). The global rate of seroprevalence was 19.8%, and seroprevalence rates by age group were 3%, 21.1% and 29.9% respectively (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the following factors, in combination, had a positive association with the prevalence rate of antibodies against HAV in the study population: age groups 5 to 9 and 10 to 14 years, living in a household with more than one inhabitant per room, shared eating area and low per capita income. Conclusions:The results show a low prevalence of antibodies against HAV, which justifies the use of prophylactic measures, including early vaccination. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(5):419-24:Hepatitis A, seroepidemiological study, child, adolescent. ResumoObjetivos: Avaliar a soroprevalência de hepatite A (VHA) em crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 1 e 14 anos, e identificar fatores associados à infecção prévia.Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico transversal, realizado entre fevereiro e agosto de 2006, em Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, e em sua região metropolitana. A análise laboratorial constituiu-se de pesquisa qualitativa de anticorpos totais para o VHA em amostra de sangue total. Resultados: No estudo, 901 crianças e adolescentes foram incluídos.A distribuição por faixa etária foi: 237 (26,3%) entre 1 e 4 anos; 313 (34,7%) entre 5 e 9 anos; e 351 (39%) entre 10 e 14 anos. A taxa de soroprevalência geral encontrada foi de 19,8%, e por grupo etário foi de 3, 21,1 e 29,9% (p < 0,01), respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, demonstrou-se que os fatores que, em conjunto, mantiveram associação positiva com as prevalências de anticorpos contra o VHA na população estudada foram: faixa etária de 5 a 9 e 10 a 14 anos, morar em casas com um ou mais habitantes por cômodo, frequentar refeitório comunitário e ter baixa renda per capita. Conclusões:Os resultados demonstraram uma baixa prevalência de anticorpos contra o VHA, o que justifica o uso de medidas profiláticas, que incluem a vacinação precoce. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(5):419-24:Hepatite A, estudo soroepidemiológico, criança, adolescente. Seroprevalence of hepatitis A in children and adolescents IntroduçãoO vírus da hepatite A (VHA) é o maior responsável por quadros de hepatite aguda viral em crianças 1 e também é responsável por 75% de todos os casos de hepatite viral no mundo. Essa doença apresenta distribuição mundial, ocorrendo com maior fr...

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Epidemiologic shift in the prevalence of Hepatitis A virus in Saudi Arabia: A case for routine Hepatitis A vaccination

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Changing patterns of hepatitis A prevalence within the Saudi population over the last 18 years

Changing patterns of hepatitis A prevalence within the Saudi population over the last 18 years

Hepatitis A virus infection among apparently healthy Nigerian Subjects

Seroprevalence of hepatitis A in children and adolescents

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