Epidemiologic evaluation of urolithiasis in Bareilly area of Uttar Pradesh, India

Prevalence of obstructive urolithiasis in domestic animals: An interplay between seasonal predisposition and dietary imbalance

“…In another study, the incidence rate of urolithiasis was found highest in January 13.93% and lowest in October 2.57%. The general pattern of occurrence suggests higher prevalence of urolithiasis in between the months of October-February every year (8). The highest occurrence of obstructive urolithiasis observed in our study during the winter season can be the effect of several factors like reduced water intake, scarcity of water supply, and the increased concentrate feeding due to reduced fodder availability.…”

“…The findings were suggestive that the male animals were more susceptible to the occurrence of obstructive urolithiasis compared to their female counterparts. In a similar study, female to male ratio among the animals affected with urolithiasis was found to be 1:81, 1:56, and 1:10 among goat, buffalo, and dog respectively (8). Both sexes of animals are prone to obstructive urolithiasis but incidence is much more in males due to the anatomic peculiarities.…”

“…Early castration and high grain feeding is the main predisposing factor among goats (6,12). Castration at early age predisposes male animals for obstructive urolithiasis since the hormone testosterone plays an important role in the development of urethra (8). Hence, deficiency of testosterone in young developing animals may affect urethral development resulting in the narrowing of penile urethra.…”

“…The epidemiological parameters such as species and sex were also collected for analysis during this period. The prevalence (P) was calculated based on the given equation (8). The prevalence was calculated by dividing the total number of obstructive urolithiasis cases presented on total population under study that are at risk and then multiplied by 100.…”

An Assessment of Indian Livestock Owners’ Selective Management Practices for Risk Amelioration of Obstructive Urolithiasis in Water Buffalo Male Calves

“…They are fed diets rich in cereal grains, instead of a balanced calf starter or weaning ration, leading to urinary calculi because of high protein intake (Bhatt et al, 1973). It presents the most significant economic challenge in fattening calves receiving high protein concentrate ration for faster weight gain, potentially contributing to urolithiasis (Radostits et al, 2000;Thakur et al, 2020). A diet rich in cereal grains and low in roughage increases mucoprotein concentration in urine, which serves as a cementing agent for deposition of oversaturated minerals, thereby increasing the likelihood of calculi formation (Crookshank et al, 1965;Radostits et al, 2007).…”