Epidemiologic evaluation of Nhanes for environmental Factors and periodontal disease

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation that destroys periodontal tissues caused by the accumulation of bacterial biofilms that can be affected by environmental factors. This report describes an association study to evaluate the relationship of environmental factors to the expression of periodontitis using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) from 1999–2004. A wide range of environmental variables (156) were assessed in patients categorized for periodontitis (n = 8884). Multiple statistical approaches were used to explore this dataset and identify environmental variable patterns that enhanced or lowered the prevalence of periodontitis. Our findings indicate an array of environmental variables were different in periodontitis in smokers, former smokers, or non-smokers, with a subset of specific environmental variables identified in each population subset. Discriminating environmental factors included blood levels of lead, phthalates, selected nutrients, and PCBs. Importantly, these factors were found to be coupled with more classical risk factors (i.e. age, gender, race/ethnicity) to create a model that indicated an increased disease prevalence of 2–4 fold across the sample population. Targeted environmental factors are statistically associated with the prevalence of periodontitis. Existing evidence suggests that these may contribute to altered gene expression and biologic processes that enhance inflammatory tissue destruction.

The relation between Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G seropositivity and leukocyte telomere length in US adults from NHANES 1999‐2000

“…A set of potential confounders in the association between H pylori infection and TL were selected based on previous publications and consideration of causal structures, including age, sex, race/ethnicity, place of born, marital status, educational level, the ratio of family income to poverty threshold, smoking habit, and body mass index (BMI) 25‐29 . In addition, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and ever diagnosis and treatment of ulcers, cardiovascular disease (ie, heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke), respiratory disease, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were also included as potential confounders.…”

Immunohistopathological changes of bone tissue during chronic generalized periodontitis

“…-vimentin α-SMAα-smooth muscle actin C hronic generalized periodontitis is an inflammatory dystrophic disease leading to tooth loss as often as complications of caries [1,2]. Depending on the severity of periodontitis, morphological changes in the bone tissue of the alveolar bone of the jaw become more pronounced.…”

“…Micrograph of a biopsy fragment from the dentoalveolar segment of the lateral lower jaw on day 7 (chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity): a -NSE+ cells around blood vessels(1) and NSE+ cells in the wall of arterioles(2). IHC of NSE.…”

Race/ethnicity differences in vitamin D levels and impact on cardiovascular disease, bone health, and oral health

“…Several demographic and environmental elements mediated the influence in the negative direction, that is, increasing the risk: AA race/ethnicity, older age, smoking status, male sex, and higher blood levels of retinyl stearate, retinyl palmitate, lead, non-coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) PCB105, PCB146, PCB172, PCB177, PCB178, PCB183, and PCB206, and higher urine levels of antimony. Higher levels of serum carotenoids and vitamin D had a protective influence (Emecen-Huja et al, 2019). Another analysis of NHANES III showed vitamin D and periodontitis correlated in both males and females over the age of 50, even after controlling for BMD, indicating mediation via the immunobeneficent role of vitamin D. This version of NHANES had just a half-mouth exam (random upper and lower quadrant) and only two sites per tooth.…”