Epidemics of enterovirus infection in Chungnam Korea, 2008 and 2009

Abstract

Previously, we explored the epidemic pattern and molecular characterization of enteroviruses isolated in Chungnam, Korea from 2005 to 2006. The present study extended these observations to 2008 and 2009. In this study, enteroviruses showed similar seasonal prevalent pattern from summer to fall and age distribution to previous investigation. The most prevalent month was July: 42.9% in 2008 and 31.9% in 2009. The highest rate of enterovirus-positive samples occurred in children < 1-year-old-age. Enterovirus-positive samples were subjected to sequence determination of the VP1 region, which resolved the isolated enteroviruses into 10 types in 2008 (coxsackievirus A4, A16, B1, B3, echovirus 6, 7, 9, 11, 16, and 30) and 8 types in 2009 (coxsackievirus A2, A4, A5, A16, B1, B5, echovirus 11, and enterovirus 71). The most prevalent enterovirus serotype in 2008 and 2009 was echovirus 30 and coxsackievirus B1, respectively, whereas echovirus 18 and echovirus 5 were the most prevalent types in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Comparison of coxsackievirus B1 and B5 of prevalent enterovirus type in Korea in 2009 with reference strains of each same serotype were conducted to genetic analysis by a phylogenetic tree. The sequences of coxsackievirus B1 strains segregated into four distinct clusters (A, B, C, and D) with some temporal and regional sub-clustering. Most of Korean coxsackievirus B1 strains in 2008 and 2009 were in cluster D, while only "Kor08-CVB1-001CN" was cluster C. The coxsackievirus B5 strains segregated in five distinct genetic groups (clusters A-E) were supported by high bootstrap values. The Korean strains isolated in 2001 belonged to cluster D, whereas Korean strains isolated in 2005 and 2009 belonged to cluster E. Comparison of the VP1 amino acid sequences of the Korean coxsackievirus B5 isolates with reference strains revealed amino acid sequence substitutions at nine amino acid sequences (532, 562, 570, 571, 576-578, 582, 583, and 585).

Laboratory diagnosis and genetic analysis of a family clustering outbreak of aseptic meningitis due to echovirus 30

“…Based on complete sequences of VP1genes, sequences of global E30 isolates can be divided into four genetic lineages (A-D) that exhibit at least 15% diversity between clusters. 18 Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate in the described outbreak belonged to the D2 sublineage. An evolutionary tree indicates that E30 isolated in China in recent years belongs to the C group or the D group.…”

Is a multivalent hand, foot, and mouth disease vaccine feasible?

“…37 Five genotypes (A-E) were assigned by phylogenetic analyses to coxsackieviruses CV-B3 and CV-B5. 24,124 All Chinese CV-B3 isolates segregated into genotype E but the presence of 2 divergent circulating genotype E strains in Shijiazhuang City (2010-2012) suggests the existence of 2 different lineages. Chinese CV-B3 strains clustered into a genogroup totally different from CV-B3 isolates from other countries.…”

Rare Types of Rotaviruses Isolated from Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Patras, Greece

“…EV71 infections are common in children and are acquired largely in the (pre)school years, while spread of these viruses is lower in the other age groups [21]. Echovirus 11 (species human EV-B) is among the most frequently isolated EV serotypes worldwide, while coxsackievirus A strains, including A4, have been implicated in important epidemics around the world [22]. A recent investigation of EV circulation in children identified strains of EV-B and EV-A.…”