Epidemics of aseptic meningitis due to enteroviruses following national immunization days in Bahrain

Khalfan, Sameer; Aymard, M.; Lina, Bruno; Thouvenot, D; Schuffenecker, Isabelle; Foray, Sophie; Fernandes, Eustace; Baig, Bader

doi:10.1080/02724936.1998.11747935

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, few previous studies have shown that there is a complete absence of these symptoms of meningitis in adults [32]- [34]. There is a strong association between the meningitis and the previous vaccination history and other associated complication of meningitis [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Bacterial Meningitis in University Hospital

Ahmed¹

2014

AID

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Purpose: To determine the clinical characteristics and outcome of bacterial meningitis in adult patients using CT, MRI and CSF culture. Methods: Patients admitted to the university hospital with clinical diagnosis of meningitis were included in the present study. All patients were subjected to clinical examination as well as CT, MRI scanning and CSF-bacteriological culture. Results: The age distribution of the patients shows that there is high frequency of symptoms found in the age group between ages 40 -45. CSF in the present study included WBS, RBC, glucose and protein, which is associated with the adverse outcome. Meningitis can be confirmed by many methods, in the present study three different methods were used, which included CT scan, MRI and CSF analysis and bacterial culture. In CT scan, among the predictors of meningitis, persons with TB (P = 0.037), patients with HIV (P = 0.036) and stroke (P = 0.036) showed significant association. Whereas MRI findings were significantly associated with TB meningitis (P = 0.015). Meningitis was prevalent in the age group of <45. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of several modalities for diagnosing and predicting the outcome of meningitis in adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For example, fever, headache, neck stiffness, vomiting and change in mental status. A probable case of bacterial meningitis was with turbid CSF [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Bacterial Meningitis in University Hospital

Ahmed¹

2014

AID

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“…The role of echovirus 30 in the etiology of this disease has been known since the virus was first isolated in 1958 [Plager and Dechler, 1963]. The distribution of recent meningitis outbreaks caused by echovirus 30 strongly suggests that infections are widespread [Leonardi et al, 1993;Drebot et al, 1994;Rice et al, 1995;Lopez-Alcala et al, 1997;Gorgievski-Hrisoho et al, 1998;Khalfan et al, 1998;Reintjes et al, 1999;Uysal et al, 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Genetic diversity of echovirus 30 during a meningitis outbreak, demonstrated by direct molecular typing from cerebrospinal fluid

Bailly

Brosson

Archimbaud

et al. 2002

Journal of Medical Virology

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Echovirus 30 is one of the enterovirus serotypes isolated most frequently in meningitis cases. The genetic diversity of echovirus 30 was investigated in patients hospitalised during an outbreak in 2000 in Clermont-Ferrand, France. A nested reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed for qualitative analysis of the echovirus 30 VP1 encoding sequence directly from cerebrospinal fluid. The viral sequences obtained for 22 patients were compared with those of virus isolates obtained from nine patients with echovirus 30 meningitis admitted to hospital in 1996-1997 and with echovirus 30 sequences from international databases. In 2000, meningitis cases were caused by two virus variants (C3 and C4) distinct genetically from the other two variants (C1 and C2) identified during the period 1996-1997. A detailed phylogenetic analysis established that the C1, C2, and C3 variants had close relatives among viruses previously identified in other geographical areas. The C4 variant had not been described earlier. The genomic differences observed between the four echovirus 30 variants arose at synonymous sites indicating that the viruses shared similar antigenic sites in the VP1 encoding sequence. Overall, these observations suggest wide circulation of different echovirus 30 variants and periodic importation of new viruses. The apparent displacement observed between virus variants did not result from a selective advantage caused by antigenic variation.

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“…ECV11, ECV6 and ECV30 were the most frequently isolated, almost every year (Table 2). These three serotypes were also reported to be among the most frequently isolated in other countries (Strikas et al, 1986; Druyts-Voets, 1997; Khalfan et al, 1998;Trallero et al, 2000;Meqdam et al, 2002); they seem to be endemic with constant circulation among non-immune persons. Other serotypes showed a tendency to recur at variable intervals (ECV20, ECV13, ECV1, ECV9, ECV25, ECV3, CBV3, ECV7, ECV12 and CBV5) ( Table 2).…”

Section: Npev Isolation Periodicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroviruses in Tunisia: virological surveillance over 12 years (1992–2003)

Bahri

Rezig

Nejma-Oueslati

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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This report is an overview of enterovirus epidemiology in Tunisia during a 12-year period from 1992 to 2003. A total of 4700 clinical samples were collected as part of the national poliovirus surveillance programme and the routine diagnostic programme for aseptic meningitis. Enterovirus detection was performed by isolation on cell culture according to World Health Organization recommended protocols. Serotype identification was performed by seroneutralization of the cytopathic effect using pools of specific antisera and sequencing in the VP1 region of the genome. Poliovirus isolates were assessed for their wild or vaccine-related origin by standard World Health Organization recommended methods (PCR, probe hybridization and ELISA). The results confirm the interruption of wild poliovirus circulation since 1995. A total of 236 non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) strains were isolated; seroneutralization allowed typing of 93 % (219 out of 236) of them. The antisera used allowed the identification of the most common enterovirus serotypes. The remaining 17 isolates were sequenced; 16 of them belonged to enterovirus serotypes that were not targeted by the antisera pools used. A total of 29 different serotypes of NPEV were detected in the country during the study period. Echoviruses of serotypes 6, 11 and 30 were the most frequently isolated, almost every year; other serotypes had a cyclic occurrence and others were detected during a limited period with very few isolates. The NPEV isolation rate varied from year to year but was steadily under 10 %, suggesting a relatively low prevalence of these viruses in comparison to that in other developing countries. A seasonal variation was also noted; the high transmission period starts in March and peaks in September-November. This study is the first report of the epidemiology of NPEV in Tunisia. These viruses are associated with various diseases and epidemiological data may help to clarify their impact on human health.

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Epidemics of aseptic meningitis due to enteroviruses following national immunization days in Bahrain

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Bacterial Meningitis in University Hospital

Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Bacterial Meningitis in University Hospital

Genetic diversity of echovirus 30 during a meningitis outbreak, demonstrated by direct molecular typing from cerebrospinal fluid

Enteroviruses in Tunisia: virological surveillance over 12 years (1992–2003)

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