Epidemic Polyarthritis in Eastern Australia, 1959–1971

Doherty, R. L.; Barrett, E.; Gorman, B. M.; Whitehead, Emily

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1971.tb87411.x

Cited by 38 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…17 Antibody prevalence did not vary with municipal area (Table 4); a stratified analysis showed that accounting for age and years resident at current address did not alter this conclusion. 17 Antibody prevalence did not vary with municipal area (Table 4); a stratified analysis showed that accounting for age and years resident at current address did not alter this conclusion.…”

Section: First Survey December 1974mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In those who had moved to Echuca from a riskfree area in the previous five years, the prevalence of antibodies was distinctly less than in the rest (for RR: 3.7% c$ 13.2%, x2=5.25,p<0.02; for MVE: 7.4% cf. 17.9%, x2=4.92, p<0.05). In further contrast there was no significant difference in prevalence of antibodies against either virus in the older (>45 years) and younger subjects in this group (for RR, p=O.33, and for MVE, p=O.15; Fisher exact test).…”

Section: First Survey December 1974mentioning

confidence: 90%

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Arbovirus Infection in a Murray Valley Comunity

Fraser

Christie

Gust

et al. 1986

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine

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Serum antibodies to Ross River virus and Murray Valley encephalitis virus were measured during 1974-1975 in residents of Echuca, an urban Murray Valley community. A representative group of volunteers was obtained by random selection of households. The prevalence of antibodies to both viruses increased progressively with age. Prevalence was equal in both sexes for both viruses in all age groups, indicating that the risk of infection was mainly determined by geography rather than by personal activities. Antibody levels remained unchanged in the following year when there was no disease activity in the area. The stability of antibody levels permitted retrospective estimates of mean rates of infection. These were approximately 0.4% per annum for both viruses when age was used as the index for years of exposure. With allowance for other factors, the best estimate for both virus infections is probably closer to 1%. The morbidity rate for Ross River virus infection appeared to be low. It is concluded that infection with Ross River virus and with Murray Valley encephalitis-related viruses is endemic in the Murray Valley.

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Section: First Survey December 1974mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: First Survey December 1974mentioning

confidence: 90%

Arbovirus Infection in a Murray Valley Comunity

Fraser

Christie

Gust

et al. 1986

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine

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“…The virus responsible for this was first isolated in 1959 from infected mosquitoes along the Ross River in Queensland, Australia [64]. Because patients suffering from epidemic polyarthritis had antibodies against RRV, it was thought to be the agent responsible for the disease [65,66]. In 1971, it was first isolated from an aboriginal boy in Australia [67], confirming this hypothesis.…”

Section: Historical Description and Main Epidemicsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Arthritogenic Alphaviruses: A Worldwide Emerging Threat?

Levi

Vignuzzi

2019

Microorganisms

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Arthritogenic alphaviruses are responsible for a dengue-like syndrome associated with severe debilitating polyarthralgia that can persist for months or years and impact life quality. Chikungunya virus is the most well-known member of this family since it was responsible for two worldwide epidemics with millions of cases in the last 15 years. However, other arthritogenic alphaviruses that are as of yet restrained to specific territories are the cause of neglected tropical diseases: O’nyong’nyong virus in Sub-Saharan Africa, Mayaro virus in Latin America, and Ross River virus in Australia and the Pacific island countries and territories. This review evaluates their emerging potential in light of the current knowledge for each of them and in comparison to chikungunya virus.

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“…This variant produced lower levels of viremia in infected mice. On the basis of these findings we propose that both the receptor binding site and neutralization epitopes of RRV are nearby or in the same domain of the E2 protein.Ross River virus (RRV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus which is responsible for annual outbreaks of polyarthritis in humans in Australia (7,27). In nature, RRV exists as a number of distinct antigenic types which differ in mouse virulence (9, 12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ross River virus (RRV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus which is responsible for annual outbreaks of polyarthritis in humans in Australia (7,27). In nature, RRV exists as a number of distinct antigenic types which differ in mouse virulence (9,12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Entry kinetics and mouse virulence of Ross River virus mutants altered in neutralization epitopes

Vrati

Kerr

Weir

et al. 1996

J Virol

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Previously we identified the locations of three neutralization epitopes (a, b1, and b2) of Ross River virus (RRV) by sequencing a number of variants resistant to monoclonal antibody neutralization which were found to have single amino acid substitutions in the E2 protein (S. Vrati, C. A. Fernon, L. Dalgarno, and R. C. Weir, Virology 162: [346][347][348][349][350][351][352][353] 1988). We have now studied the biological properties of these variants in BHK cells and their virulence in mice. While variants altered in epitopes a and/or b1 showed no differences, variants altered in epitope b2, including a triple variant altered in epitopes a, b1, and b2, showed rapid penetration but retarded kinetics of growth and RNA and protein synthesis in BHK cells compared with RRV T48, the parent virus. Variants altered in epitopes a and/or b1 showed no change in mouse virulence. However, two of the six epitope b2 variants examined had attenuated mouse virulence. They had a four-to fivefold-higher 50% lethal dose (LD 50 ), although no change in the average survival time of infected mice was observed. These variants grew to titers in mouse tissues similar to those of RRV T48. The LD 50 of the triple variant was unchanged, but infected mice had an increased average survival time. This variant produced lower levels of viremia in infected mice. On the basis of these findings we propose that both the receptor binding site and neutralization epitopes of RRV are nearby or in the same domain of the E2 protein.Ross River virus (RRV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus which is responsible for annual outbreaks of polyarthritis in humans in Australia (7,27). In nature, RRV exists as a number of distinct antigenic types which differ in mouse virulence (9, 12). For example, RRV T48, the prototype strain, which was isolated at Townsville in northern Queensland, is mouse virulent whereas RRV NB5092, isolated at Nelson Bay in coastal New South Wales, is mouse avirulent (10,22).The question of what properties of a virus determine its degree of virulence is important for developing effective measures for control of the virus. Two important biological properties that can affect the virulence of a virus are its growth rate and tissue tropism. These properties can be altered, at least in part, by changes in envelope proteins that are involved in receptor recognition, virus attachment and penetration, and membrane fusion to initiate the infection (for a review, see reference 41). Studies with alphaviruses, such as Sindbis virus (26,28,33,36,40), Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus (16,19), Semliki Forest virus (13,35), and RRV (22,42), have also demonstrated that amino acid changes in envelope proteins can affect virus virulence. However, the mechanism by which these changes affect alphavirus virulence is not understood, although studies with Sindbis virus (1,5,25, 33) and VEE virus (16,19) have shown an association between reduced mouse virulence and rapid penetration of BHK cells.We have previously identified three neutralization epitopes in the...

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Epidemic Polyarthritis in Eastern Australia, 1959–1971

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Arbovirus Infection in a Murray Valley Comunity

Arbovirus Infection in a Murray Valley Comunity

Arthritogenic Alphaviruses: A Worldwide Emerging Threat?

Entry kinetics and mouse virulence of Ross River virus mutants altered in neutralization epitopes

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