Eotaxin‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 immunoreactivity and protein concentration in the nasal polyps of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients

Abstract

Major causes of olfactory disorders are sinonasal disease, viral upper respiratory tract infection, head trauma and old age. Olfactory testing is an important part of objective assesment of the severity of the disease in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. The aim of this study was to correlate results of objective smell testing with subjective scores on olfaction and other nasal symptoms in different subgroups of patients with smell impairment.Data were extracted from questionnaires filled by patients sent to smell testing by the ENT specialist. For the analysis data were divided in subgroups: 20 with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), 24 patients operated for nasal polyps, 7 patients with nasal polyps on medical treatment, 7 with hyposmia after common cold, 4 with anosmia and 11 controls with no smell impairment. Smell testing was done by using the Sniffin Sticks 12 complete odorant. This test is based on the assessment of odor identification abilities for 12 standard odors with forced choice. Subjective scores on (0-4) were taken for olfaction, nasal obstruction, hypersecretion and headache.The correlation between subjective score for olfaction and olfactometry score was significant for the whole group (r 0.682), and was similar when anosmic and controls were excluded. Subjective olfaction and olfactometry score did not correlate with any other symptom. Comparing correlation coefficients between the subgroups, it seems that patients with CRS and nonoperated nasal polyp patients have better correlation between subjective and objective smell assesment than patients operated for nasal polyps and those who had olfactory lesion following viral infection.Although correlation between subjective and objective smell assesment is significant, some subgroups of patients overrate their ability to recognize odors. STRESS EFFECTS ON ALLERGIC INFLAMMATION OF THE AIRWAYS Pontus Stierna and Susanna GeorenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SwedenWe have used a mouse model to investigate the effects of endogenous GC synthesis and GC receptor inhibition, as well as acute stress, and different doses of exogenous administered GCs on inflammatory cells in different cellular compartments in allergic airway inflammation. including nerve growth factor (NGF) in the airways, during allergic inflammation.First we investigated the effects of endogenous GCs on eosinophilic airway inflammation. Inhibition of GC release with metyrapone (ME) induced an increase of bone marrow eosinophilia and when the ME treatment was combined with a GC receptor antagonist (RU 486) the allergen-induced bone marrow eosinophilia was further enhanced.The second study was focused on the effects of timing of a short acute stress on allergic airway inflammation in upper and lower airways. Short stress applied before an allergen challenge decreased the allergen-induced eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs and also the inflammation in the nasal tissue. No effects on eosinophilia or inflammation were seen...

Amelioration of asthmatic inflammation by an aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea Linn

“…Eosinophil has a unique morphology in shape when the asthmatic event cause the number, therefore, we counted the numbers by comparing control and SoL-treated sample, as shown in detail with slight modifications (15).…”

Expression of RANTES, eotaxin-2, ICAM-1, LFA-1 and CCR-3 in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyposis

“…Normal T Expressed and Secreted) and eotaxin-2 are important recruiters and activators of eosinophils and have been postulated to be responsible for eosinophilia in the tissue stroma of the polyp [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . About this matter, the interaction of chemokines with their receptors in CRS with NSP is important, with CCR-5 and CCR-3 being the receptors more extensively studied 19 .…”

Differential short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1 suppression in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

“…Currently, the exact reason for high eosinophil infiltration accompanied with a shift to a more Th2-typed response in eosinophilic CRSwNP patients is not fully understood. IL-5 and eotaxin are traditionally considered the key cytokines for the accumulation, survival and activation of eosinophils in polyp tissues [59,60]. Recently, our group, and others, demonstrated that osteopontin, a phosphorylated acidic glycoprotein, plays a critical role in the chemotaxis of eosinophil in eosinophilic CRSwNP [61 & ,62].…”