Eosinophilic granuloma/Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Pediatric neurosurgery update

A probable case of subligamentous tuberculous spondylitis: The concealed body of the Late Modern Period (early 16th century to early 20th century), Franciscan crypt of St. Anthony and St. Eusebius church, Lombardy, Italy

“…The evidences would be punched‐out osteolytic lesions and a variable regional vertebral involvement that could have led to the collapse of both anterior and posterior vertebral elements. However, this pathology is quite rare and it is worth noting that this is usually related to childhood; therefore, it is possible to exclude this aetiology as well (Bauduer, Bessou, Guyomarc'h, Mercier, & Castex, ; Colombo et al, ; Spigelman, Pap, & Donoghue, ; see also clinical data: Khung et al, ; Lam, Reddy, Mayer, Lin, & Jea, ).…”

Spinal tumors in children

“…It may cause vertebral collapse, radiologically represented as vertebra plana, which is the most common development of EG in children (in this age group the differential diagnosis of vertebra plana is non-Hodgkin lymphoma). 31,32 Clinically, EGs may cause back pain and neurological deficits. Plain films and CT scans may show a lytic lesion without sclerotic rim or vertebra plana.…”

“…4,30,31 Treatment may be non-surgical in cases where symptoms are mild and there are no neurological deficits, since fibrosis occurs spontaneously in 1 to 2 years, but chemotherapy should be considered in systemic forms of the disease. 4,30,31 Surgical treatment may consist of biopsy for diagnosis, followed by curettage, steroid therapy, radiotherapy and/or decompression with or without fixation in cases of spinal cord compression. 4,30,31 Malignant/Aggressive bone tumors Ewing's sarcoma (ES) About 65% of the cases of ES occur in the second decade of life, predominantly in males.…”

“…4,30,31 Surgical treatment may consist of biopsy for diagnosis, followed by curettage, steroid therapy, radiotherapy and/or decompression with or without fixation in cases of spinal cord compression. 4,30,31 Malignant/Aggressive bone tumors Ewing's sarcoma (ES) About 65% of the cases of ES occur in the second decade of life, predominantly in males. 33 Only a small portion of them occurs in the spine; however, it is the most common non-lymphoproliferative primary malignant tumor of the spine in children.…”

Primary osseous tumors of the pediatric spinal column: review of pathology and surgical decision making

“…9). 60 Computed tomography and plain radiography can demonstrate bony destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging can be performed to further characterize these lesions and evaluate for soft tissue involvement.…”