Eosinophilia in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Colebunders, R.; Eynde, Christel Van den; Tolo, A.; Fleerackers, Y.; Vanham, G.; Kestens, L.; Vervoort, T.; Depraetere, K.

doi:10.1086/516456

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…DENV-HIV patients were found to have higher eosinophil proportion and pulse rate, but lower serum hematocrit level compared with DENV patients during first presentation and hospitalization. Eosinophilia is common in HIV-infected individuals and associated with parasitic infections, 21 pruritic conditions, 22 drug allergy, 23 and Kaposi's sarcoma. 24 Nevertheless, higher eosinophil counts were not significantly correlated with immune activation, altered HIV viral load, 25 , 26 or thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia in dengue hemorrhagic fever.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Clinical Outcome of Dengue Infection Among Patients With and Without HIV Infection: A Matched Case–Control Study

Pang¹,

Thein²,

Lye³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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. This is mainly due to severe plasma leakage and the lack of hemorrhagic manifestations. Hospitalization duration was longer for DENV-HIV patients (10.5 days; interquartile range [IQR] = 5.5-26.3 days) compared with dengue patients (5 days; IQR = 4-6 days). There were no significant differences in presentation of clinical warning signs and symptoms at admission and during hospitalization, except for rash (adjusted COR [ACOR] = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.03-0.92). DENV-HIV patients were associated with higher pulse rate (ACOR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.02-1.25), eosinophils proportion (ACOR = 3.07; 95% CI = 1.12-8.41) and lower hematocrit level (ACOR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.64-0.98) compared with dengue patients. Even though DENV-HIV patients may present similarly to dengue patients, they may be more likely to have severe dengue outcome. Hence, close monitoring of DENV-HIV patients is highly recommended as part of dengue clinical care and management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Clinical Outcome of Dengue Infection Among Patients With and Without HIV Infection: A Matched Case–Control Study

Pang¹,

Thein²,

Lye³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…10,12,[18][19][20] There is also a shift from R5 to more pathogenic X4 strains of HIV-1 74-77 and from a Th1 to less protective Th2 cytokine profile 34,78,79 in a significant portion of AIDS patients. Interleukin 5, one of the Th2 cytokines, promotes the differentiation of eosinophils from the bone marrow 4,80 and could explain the eosinophilia documented in AIDS patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Furthermore, many HIV-infected individuals develop hypereosinophilia concomitant with the progression of clinically latent HIV infection to AIDS. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Eosinophil counts can be as high as eight times the normal level in these individuals, approaching 50% in HIV-1infected individuals; normal counts are 2-5%. 10,12,[18][19][20] Absolute numbers, as well as proportions, of eosinophils in the blood are also higher in AIDS patients as compared with casematched controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricted Entry of R5 HIV Type 1 Strains into Eosinophilic Cells

Taylor

Schols

Wooley

2004

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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A cell culture system previously developed by our laboratory demonstrated that T cell-tropic (CXCR4-using) but not macrophage-tropic (CCR5-using) HIV-1 strains productively infected eosinophilic cells. In the current study, an improved model was used to determine the level of this viral restriction by assessing viral entry and coreceptor usage. The model was improved by using AML14.3D10 cells that were engineered to express CCR3 in addition to the major HIV-1 coreceptors, CD4, CXCR4, and CCR5, thus making them more like primary eosinophils. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect viral entry. In the PCR assay, primers specific for early reverse transcription products were used to amplify minus strand viral DNA from HIV-1-infected AML14.3D10-CCR3 eosinophilic cells. Coreceptor blocking experiments, using the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, were performed to determine coreceptor usage by the CXCR4-using (X4) strain known to productively infect the cells. Virus production was measured by p24 immunoassay. As expected, viral DNA was detected in AML14.3D10-CCR3 cells infected with X4 HIV-1, and cell viability was decreased during maximal viral production. Conversely, viral DNA was not detected in eosinophilic cells exposed to a CCR5-using (R5) HIV-1 strain that is also capable of using CCR3, indicating that R5 HIV-1 is unable to enter eosinophilic cells despite the presence of the appropriate coreceptors. Infection of AML14.3D10-CCR3 cells by HTLV-III(B) was completely inhibited by AMD3100, indicating that X4 HIV-1 enters the AML14.3D10-CCR3 cell line by using the CXCR4 coreceptor exclusively. Since X4 strains predominate during the late stages of HIV-1 infection in many patients, when eosinophil numbers also tend to increase, the ability of these HIV-1 strains to infect eosinophilic cells has important implications for the involvement of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of AIDS.

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“…It is probably reasonable, however, to avoid an extensive workup for parasitic and other causes of eosinophilia in adult eosinophilic AIDS patients with cutaneous disease from the industrial world; however, in populations at higher risk of helminthiasis, such a conclusion is unwarranted in the absence of prospective studies of eosinophil levels in AIDS patients with tissue helminthiasis. 693 Such eosinophilia with advancing HIV disease has not been noted in children in the industrial world. 694,695 The data from the tropics are dramatically at variance with the reports from the industrial world.…”

Section: Hiv and Eosinophiliamentioning

confidence: 99%