Enzymuria as an index of renal damage in canine leishmaniasis

Palacio, Jorge; Liste, F.; Gascón, Maria Rita Polo

doi:10.1136/vr.140.18.477

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…All positive samples (urine and serum samples) recognized numerous polypeptide fractions of the L. infantum antigen with masses ranging from 12 to 85 kDa, with most bands at 16 to 69 kDa. The most frequent polypeptide fractions observed in both urine and serum samples were those of 14,16,20,30,31,48, and 69 kDa. The immunoblot analysis did not reveal any polypeptide fractions of the L. infantum antigen in ELISA-negative urine samples.…”

Section: Detection Of Anti-leishmania Antibodies In Urine Samples By mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major renal lesion in canine (32) and human (7,11) leishmaniasis is glomerulonephritis. However, interstitial nephritis, tubular nephropathy, and glomerular amyloidosis in conjunction with glomerulonephritis have also been found in dogs with leishmaniasis (30). The pathogenesis of renal lesions in both human (7,40) and canine (38) visceral leishmaniasis is mainly attributed to immune complex deposition and subsequent glomerular injury.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Because of the importance of glomerular injury in canine leishmaniasis, several tests, such as protein/creatinine (U P/C) ratios (31) and enzymuria (30), have been used to detect early renal damage in canine leishmaniasis to establish a prognosis and appropriate treatment. A recent study demonstrated that a large number of dogs with leishmaniasis (46%) have U P/C ratios of greater than one (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of Anti-LeishmaniaImmunoglobulin G Antibodies in Urine Specimens of Dogs with Leishmaniasis

Solano‐Gallego

Rodríguez

Iniesta

et al. 2003

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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For years, anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies have been detected in the sera of dogs living in areas of leishmaniasis endemicity. They have also been found in the aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast, a review of the literature failed to identify the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies in urine samples from dogs with leishmaniasis. Ninety-five dog urine samples were examined for the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies by using a protein A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Twenty additional urine samples were collected from healthy dogs as controls. An IgG2 ELISA was performed on 26 urine samples found positive by the protein A ELISA. Twenty-three urine samples found positive to anti-Leishmania antibodies were tested for the local production of anti-Leishmania antibodies in the urinary tract by means of the urine antibody coefficient. Ten urine samples (and the corresponding serum samples) were compared by Western blot (WB) analysis. Thirty-five out of the 95 urine samples were found positive, 57 were found negative, and 3 were found inconclusive for antibody detection by the protein A ELISA. A high correlation between protein A and IgG2 levels was found in positive urine samples. Anti-Leishmania antibodies were present in the urine of dogs that had leishmaniasis, urinary protein/creatinine (U P/C) ratios of greater than one, and normal urinary sediment. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the U P/C ratios and the levels of anti-Leishmania antibodies in positive urine samples. In general, WB analysis and the urine antibody coefficient suggested that the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies in urine was the consequence of an impairment of filtration of the glomerular barrier. However, in some dogs, WB analysis could be interpreted as suggesting that the presence of anti-Leishmania antibodies was caused, to a lesser extent, by local antibody production in the urinary tract. Antibody detection in urine could be a noninvasive method for leishmaniasis diagnosis and prognosis in dogs with glomerulonephropathies.Canine leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania infantum, is a severe systemic disease highly prevalent in the Mediterranean basin. Clinical manifestations of the disease include nonpruritic skin lesions, such as exfoliative dermatitis and ulcerations; local or generalized lymphadenopathy; loss of weight; poor appetite; ocular lesions; epistaxis; lameness; renal failure; and diarrhea (8,12,21,36). Dogs with leishmaniasis have high anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels in sera (23), and clinicopathological findings include anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypercreatinemia, and proteinuria (22).In the vast majority of cases, the fatal course of canine leishmaniasis is due to renal involvement (5, 32). The major renal lesion in canine (32) and human (7, 11) leishmaniasis is glomerulonephritis. However, interstitial nephritis, tubular nephropathy, and glomerular amyloidosis in conjunction with glomer...

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Section: Detection Of Anti-leishmania Antibodies In Urine Samples By mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of Anti-LeishmaniaImmunoglobulin G Antibodies in Urine Specimens of Dogs with Leishmaniasis

Solano‐Gallego

Rodríguez

Iniesta

et al. 2003

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…10 These markers may not only allow early diagnosis of primary renal disease, they are also able to detect subclinical renal dysfunction secondary to infectious or endocrine disorders (e.g., pyometra, leishmaniasis, hyperthyroidism, and Cushing's disease). 9,12,20,31 In order to perform reliable clinical studies using urinary markers, urine samples need to be collected and stored in optimal conditions to preserve protein integrity and enzyme activity. Studies evaluating the effect of sampling method and storage conditions on determination of urinary markers are lacking in veterinary medicine and therefore mandatory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sampling Method and Storage Conditions on Albumin, Retinol-Binding Protein, And N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase Concentrations in Canine Urine Samples

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Urinary markers for renal dysfunction are gaining interest, but effects of sampling method, storage conditions, and urinary tract inflammation or infection on these markers are unclear. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to determine the difference in urinary albumin (uALB), urinary retinolbinding protein (uRBP), and urinary N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG) concentrations in cystocentesis and voided samples and to investigate concentration changes after storage at 220uC and at 280uC. Effects of a protease inhibitor were also assessed in samples stored at 280uC for 12 months. In a pilot experiment, influence of in vitro hematuria, pyuria, and bacteriuria on the urinary markers was evaluated. A mixed model was used to calculate mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Urinary ALB, uNAG, and uRBP concentrations were similar in voided and cystocentesis samples. After storage for 4 months at 220uC, uALB concentration was not affected, and uRBP concentration showed a mild and clinically irrelevant decrease, whereas uNAG activity was significantly lower compared with fresh samples. After storage for 12 months at 280uC, uALB and uRBP concentrations did not differ from fresh samples, but uNAG activity was severely decreased. Protease inhibitor addition did not preserve uNAG activity. Experimental hematuria, pyuria, and bacteriuria did not seem to affect urinary markers, although further research is needed.

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“…8 Increases of urinary GGT and NAG activities have been suggested as indicators of early renal damage in dogs with diro-filariasis (ie, heartworm disease) 9 and leishmaniasis. 10 In 1 study, 11 ALP and GGT were sensitive early indicators of nephrotoxic damage experimentally induced by administration of mercuric chloride in sheep. The ACP activity in renal tissue has been investigated after experimentally induced tubular injury.…”

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confidence: 99%

Early detection of ketoprofen-induced acute kidney injury in sheep as determined by evaluation of urinary enzyme activities

Raekallio

Saario-Paunio

Rajamäki³

et al. 2010

ajvr

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Objective-To evaluate early indicators of renal tissue destruction and changes in urinary enzyme activities in sheep during the first hours after acute kidney injury induced by administration of an overdose of an NSAID. Animals-12 adult female sheep. Procedures-Acute kidney injury was induced in 6 sheep by administration of ketoprofen (30 mg/kg, IV) and detected by evaluation of urinary protein concentration, iohexol clearance, and results of histologic examination. Six sheep served as control animals. Blood and urine samples were collected for up to 24 hours after administration of ketoprofen. Plasma concentrations of urea, creatinine, albumin, and total protein; plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9; and urinary creatinine and protein concentrations, specific gravity, and activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, GGT, lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), MMP-2, and MMP-9 were measured. Urinary protein concentration and enzyme activities were normalized on the basis of urinary creatinine concentrations and reported as ratios. Results-Many urinary enzyme-to-creatinine ratios increased before the plasma creatinine concentration exceeded the reference value. Urine NAG, lactate dehydrogenase, and acid phosphatase activities were increased beginning at 2 hours after ketoprofen administration, and alkaline phosphatase, GGT, and MMP-2 activities were increased beginning at 4 hours after ketoprofen administration. Most peak urinary enzyme-to-creatinine ratios were detected earlier than were the highest plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Urinary enzyme activities were sensitive early indicators of acute kidney injury induced by an overdose of an NSAID in sheep. (Am J Vet

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Enzymuria as an index of renal damage in canine leishmaniasis

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Detection of Anti-LeishmaniaImmunoglobulin G Antibodies in Urine Specimens of Dogs with Leishmaniasis

Detection of Anti-LeishmaniaImmunoglobulin G Antibodies in Urine Specimens of Dogs with Leishmaniasis

Effect of Sampling Method and Storage Conditions on Albumin, Retinol-Binding Protein, And N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase Concentrations in Canine Urine Samples

Early detection of ketoprofen-induced acute kidney injury in sheep as determined by evaluation of urinary enzyme activities

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