Enzymological characterization of pineapple extract for potential application in oak tasar (Antheraea proylei J.) silk cocoon cooking and reeling

Abstract

Proteinases have the potential to effect partial solubilization of the proteinaceous gum sericin involved in binding the silk strands together in cocoon, an essential step in the silk cocoon cooking and reeling. Therefore, pineapple extract rich in cysteine proteinases was enzymologically characterized for its potential application in oak tasar (Antheraea proylei J.) silk cocoon cooking and reeling. Optimum sodium carbonate concentration (9.8 mM) and optimum temperature (60ºC) for the proteinase activity were determined. Though relatively thermostable, an enhanced activity loss was observed when the extract was incubated in the temperature range 70-90ºC with sodium carbonate. Bulk of the activity (80-83%) remained after 1 hr of time-dependent inactivation at 60ºC. The tasar cocoon extract neither caused inhibition of the activity nor enhanced its time-dependent loss by incubation at 60ºC. However, it caused an enhanced time-dependent loss of the activity by incubation at 60ºC *Corresponding author with sodium carbonate. Considering these enzymological characteristics, experimental cocooncooking media were constituted by taking the pineapple extract with or without sodium carbonate at room temperature or 60ºC. The results of the cocoon cooking and subsequent single silk filament reeling indicated for an applicability of pineapple extract as an effective agent for the oak tasar cocoon cooking and reeling.The fruit of pineapple, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. is a rich source of a mixture of cysteine proteinases, the most abundant among them being the fruit bromelain (EC 3.4.22.33) which hydrolytically cleaves the internal peptide bonds in proteins with relatively broad specificity (Rowan and Buttle, 1994). The pineapple proteinases find uses in various industrial and medical applications including brewing, meat tenderization, prevention of diarrhea, digestive aids and treatment of edema (Takagi et al. 1992;Tanabe et al. 1996;Chandler and Mynott, 1998; Kelly, Singh L.R. et al. 1996;Maurer, 2001). The use of enzymes in the silk industry is relatively unexplored, has generated a lot of interest, and much research is being carried out internationally (Gulrajani et al. 2000). Against this background, pineapple fruit pulp extract (simply pineapple extract) having proteinase activity may also find application in tasar silk industry in general and tasar silk cocoon cooking and reeling in particular. The oak tasar (Antheraea proylei J.) silkworm is an important source of tasar silk (Singh and Singh, 1998). The larvae of the silkworm, reared on leaves of oak tree Quercus species (FamilyFagaceae), produce the cocoons from which the tasar silk is reeled (Singh and Singh, 1998). Unlike the mulberry (Bombyx mori L.) silk cocoons, the oak tasar silk cocoons cannot be satisfactorily softened by boiling in plain water (Jolly et al. 1979). The cocoons containing relatively higher amounts of protein-tannin complexes in the form of proanthocyanidins (Pandey and Goel, 1990;Pandey, 1997), have to be softened by more drastic boiling off tech...

Mechanical Properties of Silk Fabric Degummed with Bromelain

“…The fabric degummed with sodium carbonate showed smaller values of 2HG and 2HG5 than those degummed with bromelain ( Table IV). The weight of the fabric degummed with bromelain is larger than that of the sample degummed with alkali solution (Table III), coinciding with the literature that found that high G values correspond to high yarn density and very close contact [25] . The shear hysteresis behavior in the low shear angle region (2HG) value and the 2HG5 value of the enzyme degummed fabric was significantly different to that of the alkali degummed fabric.…”

“…Stem bromelain consists of abundant applications, including therapeutic [17][18][19], food [20][21][22], cosmetic [23][24], and textile industries [15,[25][26][27][28][29]. In textile industries, bromelain is used for cocoon cooking and reeling processes [25][26], silk degumming process [27][28][29], and proving the dyeing properties of protein fibers without changes in mechanical properties of the fabrics [15]. However, bromelain is usually sufficiently active without the addition of activators [30].…”

Bromelain: from production to commercialisation

“…A recent research study by Anwar et al reported that fabric properties were improved when stem bromelain was crosslinked with 0.25 and 1.25% glutaraldehyde (GTA). Similar results were reported by Koh et al and Singh et al Koh et al reported that bromelain can improve the dyeing properties of protein fibres such as silk and wool. They found that bromelain can eliminate impurities and scales in wool and silk, improving dye accessibility while conserving the tensile properties of the fibres.…”

“…They found that bromelain can eliminate impurities and scales in wool and silk, improving dye accessibility while conserving the tensile properties of the fibres. Singh et al found that the addition of a pineapple extract with bromelain activity with 9.8 mmol L − 1 sodium carbonate at 60 °C during silk cocoon processing reduced the required softening time from 20 h to only 30 min.…”

Bromelain: an overview of industrial application and purification strategies

“…Thus, the development of an effective cocoon cooking method using enzyme treatment will reduce softening time while increasing production and saving energy. For instance, Singh et al (2003) reduced the softening time from 20 h to 30 min using pineapple extract incorporated with 9.8 mM of sodium carbonate at 60°C. Additionally, Koh et al (2006) reported that the pretreatment of silk and wool with bromelain improved tactile behavior and wettability by removing impurities and scale.…”