Enzymes in cleaning products: An overview of toxicological properties and risk assessment/management

Basketter, David A.; Berg, Ninna; Broekhuizen, C.; Fieldsend, Mark; Kirkwood, Sheila; Kluin, Cornelia; Mathieu, Sophie; Rodríguez, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2012.06.016

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(73 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They are capable of removing fatty stains such as butter, salad oil, fats, sauces, and tough stains . The bacterial lipases can be added to the detergents to replace the synthetic detergents to reduce environmental pollution . In our studies, the lipase showed better stability in the presence of commercially available detergents, metal ions, alkaline pH, organic solvents, and bleaching agents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Lipase of Pseudomonas guariconesis as an additive in laundry detergents and transesterification biocatalysts

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A newly isolated culture, Pseudomonas guariconesis, is reported for the first time for lipase production. Various process parameters affecting enzyme production were optimized through statistical design experiments. The Plackett-Burman experimental design was used for screening 10 parameters for lipase production, which was further optimized using the central composite design of response surface methodology. Maximum lipase activity of 220 U/ml was obtained after 24 h of incubation in shake-flask cultures with an inoculum concentration of 0.6% v/v, incubation temperature of 30°C, and medium pH 9.0. Castor oil (0.5% v/v) was used as the inducer for lipase production. The enzyme was found to be compatible with five different commercial detergents, indicating its potential to be used in detergent formulations. It also acted as a biocatalyst in a transesterification process. The alkaline enzyme was found to be stable in the presence of bleaching agents, metal ions, and organic solvents as well. K E Y W O R D Scastor oil, lipase, Pseudomonas guariconesis, response surface methodology, submerged fermentationAbbreviations: R 2 , coefficient of determination; P. guariconesis, Pseudomonas guariconesis; FAME, fatty acid methyl esters; GCMS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Lipase of Pseudomonas guariconesis as an additive in laundry detergents and transesterification biocatalysts

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The relevance of proteolytic enzymes commonly used in industry is well documented, and their capacity to induce respiratory allergic reactions is known (Basketter et al , 2012a, b). Specifically, sensitization and asthma after occupational exposure to the cysteine protease papain, such as in pharmaceutical industry or during silk production, are prevalent (Niinimaki et al , 1993; van Kampen et al , 2005; Rosenthal and Blond, 2008); also, case reports about dermatitis after the use of cosmetics containing papain (Bernstein et al , 1984; Niinimaki et al , 1993; Reijula et al , 1993), as well as systemic reactions after ingestion of papaya juice (Iliev and Elsner, 1997), papaya cake (Quarre et al , 1995), or papain-based meat tenderizer (Mansfield and Bowers, 1983), have been published.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Papain Degrades Tight Junction Proteins of Human Keratinocytes In Vitro and Sensitizes C57BL/6 Mice via the Skin Independent of its Enzymatic Activity or TLR4 Activation

Stremnitzer

Manzano-Szalai

Willensdorfer

et al. 2015

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Papain is commonly used in food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries and is known to induce occupational allergic asthma. We have previously shown that the papain-like cysteine protease Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 1 from house dust mite exhibits percutaneous sensitization potential. We aimed here to investigate the potential of papain itself in epicutaneous sensitization. The effects of papain on tight junction (TJ) proteins were tested in vitro in human primary keratinocytes. Using C57BL/6 wild-type and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice, we analyzed the sensitization potential of papain, its effects on the skin barrier, and immune cell recruitment. Our results show that papain affects the skin barrier by increasing transepidermal water loss, degrading TJ proteins and inducing vasodilation. When topically applied, papain exhibited a high epicutaneous inflammatory potential by recruiting neutrophils, mast cells, and CD3-positive cells and by induction of a TH2-biased antibody response. However, its high potency for specific sensitization via the skin was TLR4 independent and, in spite of its capacity to degrade epidermal TJ proteins, does not rely on its enzymatic function. From our data, we conclude that papain has all features to act as a strong allergen via the skin.

show abstract

“…In the dust samples, microbial enzymes were found, and increased concentrations of total protein, serine protease, NAGase, β-xylosidase and β-glucosidase were found in the dust causing ODTS. It is well-known that microorganisms, including species found in the grass seed dust, can produce these extracellular enzymes during growth and spore germination (Hearn et al, 1998;Lahoz et al, 1976;Shen et al, 2007;Knutsen et al, 2012;Messner et al, 1991), and that some commercially used microbial enzymes can cause respiratory health effects (Cullinan et al, 2001;Houba et al, 1996;Doekes et al, 1999;Basketter et al, 2012). It is likely that the elevated levels of airborne microbial enzymes were involved in the development of ODTS.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial diversity in bioaerosol samples causing ODTS compared to reference bioaerosol samples as measured using Illumina sequencing and MALDI-TOF

Madsen

Zervas

Tendal

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The importance of the microbial diversity of bioaerosols in relation to occupational exposure and work related health symptoms is not known. The aim of this paper is to gain knowledge on the bacterial and fungal communities in dust causing organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) and in reference dust not causing ODTS. Bacterial and fungal communities were described in personal exposure samples from grass seed workers developing ODTS, in dust generated from grass seeds causing ODTS and in dust generated from reference seeds not causing ODTS. Amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal ITS region, as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) were used for identification of fungi and bacteria in personal exposure samples and in dust samples from grass seeds causing ODTS and in dust from reference grass seeds. Furthermore, activities of enzymes were measured in the same samples. The sequencing data revealed more than 150 bacterial and 25 fungal genera present in each sample. Streptomyces spp., Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus microsporus were dominating in the dust causing ODTS but not in the reference dust. The dustiness in terms of Mucor sp. and R. microsporus were 100-1000 times higher for problematic seeds compared to reference seeds. The bacterial species in the dust causing ODTS included pathogenic species such as Klebsiella pneumonia and Streptomyces pneumonia, and it contained increased concentrations of total protein, serine protease, chitinase, and β-glucosidase. Twenty-three bacterial genera covered more than 50% of the total reads in the personal and problematic seed dust. These 23 genera accounted for less than 7% of the total reads in the reference seed dust. The microbial community of the dust from the problematic seeds showed great similarities to that from the personal air samples from the workers. In conclusion, we have shown for the first time a shift in the microbial community in aerosol samples that caused ODTS compared to the reference samples that did not cause the ODTS. Furthermore, elevated enzyme activities were found in the dust causing ODTS.

show abstract

Enzymes in cleaning products: An overview of toxicological properties and risk assessment/management

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Lipase of Pseudomonas guariconesis as an additive in laundry detergents and transesterification biocatalysts

Lipase of Pseudomonas guariconesis as an additive in laundry detergents and transesterification biocatalysts

Papain Degrades Tight Junction Proteins of Human Keratinocytes In Vitro and Sensitizes C57BL/6 Mice via the Skin Independent of its Enzymatic Activity or TLR4 Activation

Microbial diversity in bioaerosol samples causing ODTS compared to reference bioaerosol samples as measured using Illumina sequencing and MALDI-TOF

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About