Enzyme-like activity of nanomaterials

Abstract

In modern conditions, nanomaterials, especially nanoparticles of metals and nonmetals, are increasingly used in various industries. Due to their unique properties, in particular, the ability of nanoparticles to exhibit an enzyme-like effect they are widely used in biology, medicine, biotechnology, the food industry and agriculture. Important advantages of nanoparticles are their size, which enables specific properties to be present: their large surface area, the ability to transfer molecules and the ability to protect them from degradation and release over a long time, the location of action and the specificity of interaction with biological structures. Nanoparticles play a special role in the processes of neutralizing the active forms of oxygen. It has been established that a number of nanoparticles, in particular, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ce, Si and Se oxides, have an enzyme-like activity mimicking that of some enzymes. By changing the degree of oxidation, these particles can regenerate and continuously catalyze the reaction of neutralizing superoxide anion radicals, thus fulfilling the function of SOD and being the first link in protecting tissues and cells from oxidative stress in physiological and pathological conditions. It is proved that nanoparticles Mn3O4, Fe3O4, Co3O4, CeO2, LaCoO3 and other elements can effectively dispose of hydrogen peroxide and other peroxides, showing catalase-like and peroxidase-like activity. Nanozymes are characterized that exhibit the activity of oxidases, peroxidases and phosphatase. The prospect of using mimetics for complex in vitro analyzes of high-sensitivity biomarker disease detection is shown. The possibility of effective multi-use of nanoparticles as antioxidants is indicated. There are good prospects for further research on properties and the use of polyfunctional particles that are easily synthesized, reliable and inexpensive. More work is needed to determine the interaction of enzymomimetics with biological molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, and also to take into account the peculiarities of their metabolism, clearance, degradation, biocompatibility and side effects, since individual nanoparticles have the potential to be deposited in separate organs.

Efficiency of application of inorganic and nanopreparations of selenium and probiotics for growing young quails

“…A number of studies highlight the results of studies about the effects on the body of inorganic (sodium selenite) (Mehdi et al, 2013;Tsekhmіstrenkо et al, 2019), organic (Sel-Plex) (El-Deep et al, 2016), selenium nano-and bionanopreparations (Bityutsky et al, 2017;Tsekhmistrenko et al, 2018). However, there is a narrow range of physiological effects between Se concentrations without causing a toxic effect.…”

“…Due to the high demand for poultry products, it is necessary to apply the latest technologies for poultry farming, increase its productivity without reducing the quality of the final product, ensure intensive metabolism in farmed livestock, and increased stress resistance and resistance to adverse environmental factors (Bityutskyy et al, 2019a;Tsekhmistrenko et al, 2020a). That is why it is appropriate to use biologically active substances (Tsekhmistrenko et al, 2018) and probiotics (Tymoshok et al, 2019) in a balanced diet, which allow obtaining high-quality products from healthy livestock without the use of feed antibiotics (Tsekhmistrenko et al, 2020b).…”

Design of hybrid biocatalysts by controlled heteroaggregation of manganese oxide and sulfate latex particles to combat reactive oxygen species

“…[3][4][5] Unlike natural enzymes, nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes (nanozymes) are easy and cheap to prepare and possess catalytic activity often well outside the operational conditions of the mimicked natural biocatalysts, owing to their large surface area, structural stability and the possibility to tune the physico-chemical properties of such nanomaterials. 4,6,7 In this way, nanomaterials possessing antioxidant activities have been widely explored in attempt to replace natural radical scavenging enzymes. [8][9][10][11] Since the early reports on superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimicry by fullerene derivatives, 12,13 extensive research has been reported in the literature on various antioxidant nanozymes of diverse structures and catalytic roles.…”

Bacterial synthesis of nanoparticles: A green approach

“…Numerous catalytically active nanomaterials of various origin are currently being created in the world (Cormode et al, 2018;Titus et al, 2019), which include nanomaterials with enzyme-mimetic properties, as a potential alternative to natural enzymes and for use in immunoassay, biosensor, oncotherapy, pharmacy, food industry, ecology, etc. (Chen et al, 2012(Chen et al, , 2014Fu, 2014;Lu et al, 2015;Li & Zhang, 2016;Tsekhmistrenko et al, 2018;Mu et al, 2019). Nanomaterial-based mimetics, compared to naturally occurring enzymes, have stability under harsh conditions, are capable of altering catalytic activity, and their production is relatively uncomplicated and economically justified, making them of great importance in practical applications (Wei & Wang, 2013;Lin et al, 2014).…”