Enzyme immunoassay of the glycoprotein tropic hormones--choriogonadotropin, lutropin, thyrotropin--with solid-phase monoclonal antibody for the alpha-subunit and enzyme-coupled monoclonal antibody specific for the beta-subunit.

Wada, H G; Danisch, R J; Baxter, S. R.; Federici, Massimo; Fraser, R C; Brownmiller, L J; Lankford, Janice

doi:10.1093/clinchem/28.9.1862

Cited by 42 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The lower limit of detection was 0.2 μg/L after a 2 h incubation with serum sample at room temperature and a 30 min incubation with enzyme substrate at room temperature after washing away excess enzyme conjugate. Within-assay precision was less than 6% [ 75 ].…”

Section: History Of Pregnancy Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Cereal Grains to Immunochemistry—What Role Have Antibodies Played in the History of the Home Pregnancy Test

Lis

2023

Antibodies

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Today, the home pregnancy test is the most frequently performed laboratory test for self-diagnosis (home diagnostic test). It is also the first laboratory test that has been adapted for self-use at home. This is probably because women have always wanted to know the answer to the question: “Am I pregnant or not?” and always preferred to know the answer to this question intimately and in a discreet way. The history of the pregnancy test is also an interesting example of how the discovery of antibodies and the development of in vitro diagnostic methods based on the antigen–antibody reaction were important for the development of laboratory and clinical diagnostics. Immunodiagnostic techniques (based on the antigen–antibody reaction) are currently the basis of modern specialist laboratory diagnostics, which is essential in clinical diagnosis. The history of the pregnancy test is an interesting one and dates back to ancient times. A pregnancy test is defined as a procedure intended to reveal the presence or absence of pregnancy. Nowadays, every pregnancy test is based on the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine or blood. Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted by the placenta right after a fertilized egg cell implants in the uterus and can be detected in both the urine and blood of pregnant women. Urine pregnancy tests are convenient for self-use at home. Blood tests are performed in medical laboratories. Specialized laboratory methods not only detect hCG but also determine the concentration of this hormone. However, both of these methods are highly accurate and common. Throughout the ages, many different methods were used to detect pregnancy at the earliest stage. Grain, wine, and various small animals were used as research tools. These were both long-term and often unreliable; most were based on folk beliefs and superstitions. Animal pregnancy tests were the first biological tests used in this field. This was a significant advance in the accurate detection of relatively early pregnancy. Animal tests in modern times are considered cruel and inhumane, no matter how reliable their results can be. Their place is now taken by much more specific, more sensitive, and definitely more ethical immunochemical tests. The pregnancy test and the methods to find out whether a woman is pregnant have gone through massive transformations, from bioassays using plants to bioassays on animals to advanced immunochemical techniques and biosensors. Modern pregnancy tests are not invasive and are very sensitive. Nowadays, it takes only about 3 min to know the answer to the question: “Am I pregnant or not?”. However, it was not always as simple as it is today. This manuscript aims to show the important role played by antibodies in the development of laboratory and clinical diagnostics in the example of the interesting history of the pregnancy test.

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Section: History Of Pregnancy Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Cereal Grains to Immunochemistry—What Role Have Antibodies Played in the History of the Home Pregnancy Test

Lis

2023

Antibodies

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“…Anthropometric measurements were carried out as described by Jelliffee (1966), while biochemical analysis carried out using methods as follows: Serum glucose (Tietz, 1976), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT, ALT) (Srivastava et al, 2002), creatinine (Chary and Sharma (2004), urea (Henery et al, 1974), uric acid (Fossati et al, 1980, TC (White et al, 1970 ), TG (Fossati and Pricipe (1982), VLDL " TG/5 " (Srivastava et al, 2002), LDL " TC -[TG + HDL] " was calculated according to (Castelli, 1977), HDL (Richmond, 1973), Hemoglubin (Jacobs et al, 2001, thyroid stimulating hormone (Waada et al, 1983), hemoglobin parameters " HCT, WBC, MCV, RBC, MCH, MCHC, RDW, PLT, PCT, MPV, PDW, Lym, Mon and GRA " respectively complete blood picture determined in the Laboratory of the Specific Misr & El -Sudan Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo. Statistical analysis carried out using SPSS (1998), PC Statistical Software (Version 10, SPSS INC, Chicago, USA) in the Unit of Statistical and Food Analysis, Faculty of Home Economics, Minufiya University (Shebin El -Kom).…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Assessment of an Obese Group in Relation to Health Implication

عجيلة¹,

الشريف²,

الدشلوطى³

2013

مجلة بحوث التربية النوعية

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“…The most intense fundamental part of this process is the extremely speci ic antibody-antigen partnership. This ability of the technique to wash off ambiguous unbound reagents makes the ELISA method a convincing and effective tool for measuring accurate data of analytes in every event that is present within a rough and unpuri ied sample (Wada et al, 1982). This survey was conducted to determine the understanding of the ELISA technique among dental students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness about ELISA technique among dental students

Masilamani¹,

Ganapathy²

2020

ijrps

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The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used to recognize proteins, peptides, antibodies as well as hormones. Often known also as an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), ELISA is used as a diagnostic test in the field of biomedicine and science. This study was conducted to determine the understanding of the ELISA technique among dental students. This survey was performed for assessing the awareness about ELISA technique amongst the dental students. This study was a questionnaire oriented, cross-sectional type of survey comprising 100 dental college students in Chennai. A self-designed questionnaire with 10 questions eliciting the knowledge and awareness about applications of ELISA technique among dental college students. Questionnaires were circulated through an online website survey planet. The questions explored the awareness on ELISA technique diagnostic indications, Direct ELISA, Indirect ELISA, Sandwich ELISA, Competitive ELISA and mechanism of ELISA technique. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data were collected and analysed.67% of the respondents were aware of the ELISA technique .52% were aware of direct ELISA technique. 45%% were aware of the indirect ELISA technique. 42% were aware of the sandwich ELISA technique, 38% were aware of the competitive ELISA technique. 35% were aware of the mechanism of the ELISA technique. The awareness about the ELISA technique in diagnostic medical applications was less among dental students. Increased awareness and educational programs should be initiated to spread knowledge about the ELISA technique among all students and clinicians.

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Enzyme immunoassay of the glycoprotein tropic hormones--choriogonadotropin, lutropin, thyrotropin--with solid-phase monoclonal antibody for the alpha-subunit and enzyme-coupled monoclonal antibody specific for the beta-subunit.

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

From Cereal Grains to Immunochemistry—What Role Have Antibodies Played in the History of the Home Pregnancy Test

From Cereal Grains to Immunochemistry—What Role Have Antibodies Played in the History of the Home Pregnancy Test

Nutritional Assessment of an Obese Group in Relation to Health Implication

Awareness about ELISA technique among dental students

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