Enzyme Immobilization

Abstract

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Recent advances in β-galactosidase and fructosyltransferase immobilization technology

“…Immobilization proved to be a good alternative among the previously mentioned methods used to achieve enzyme stabilization mainly for being cheaper, simpler and providing a better chance of reusing and recovering the enzyme. In particular, when dealing with enzymes that are expensive, rare or difficult to purify, the reusability, stability over storage and transport, and ease of recovery are critical issues (Dwevedi 2016).…”

“…Immobilized enzymes (IE) are used in several fields, such as in the food and pharmaceutical industries, in medicine, for the production of biofuels, detergents and cleaning products, and in bioremediation and waste waters' treatment. There are several reviews on this topic that delve into the use of several enzymes, the immobilization procedures and their applications (Basso and Serban 2019;DiCosimo et al 2013;Dwevedi 2016;Franssen et al 2013;Nguyen, Lee, et al 2019;Sirisha, Jain, and Jain 2016).…”

“…The first group includes the methods involving physical interaction between the enzyme and the support or those in which the enzyme is physically restrained by the carrier, hindering its release to the medium. The chemical methods depend mostly on the establishment of covalent bonds (Dwevedi 2016;Mohamad et al 2015). Other classifications distinguish the presence or absence of carriers/supports (Illanes 2008) or those that differentiate the reversible or irreversible nature of the interactions (Homaei et al 2013).…”

“…However, the selection of the support and its properties are closely related with the type of immobilization procedure chosen for the enzyme. Hence, physical and chemical properties (e.g., hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, pore size, presence of surface functional groups, or resistance to certain pH or temperature) must be also considered taking into account the application foreseen (Aehle 2007;Dwevedi 2016;Mohamad et al 2015;Sirisha, Jain, and Jain 2016).…”

The Optimised Statistical Model for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Tapioca by Glucoamylase Immobilised on Mesostructured Cellular Foam Silica

“…The specific activity as high as 55% for the immobilised glucoamylase was achieved when magnetic clays were used as supports [22]. These reductions could be caused by conformational changes on the enzyme structures during the immobilisation process as some enzyme active sites are difficult to be accessed by the substrate [26,27]. Milosevic et al [7,25] described that the diffusional limitations had occurred caused by the support (polymer) that reduces the access of the substrate to the active sites of the bound enzyme.…”