Enzyme immobilization as a sustainable approach toward ecological remediation of organic-contaminated soils: Advances, issues, and future perspectives

Distinct laccase expression and activity profiles of Trametes versicolor facilitate degradation of benzo[a]pyrene

“…Looking forward, to realize the successful application of laccase for bio-remediation, the development of scalable and viable application process to ensure stability, efficacy and reusability of enzymes are also very critical. In this direction, various technologies for enzyme immobilization pose as very useful tools to overcome the challenging factors in the environmental remediation process and to achieve effective application of the used laccase products ( Wang et al, 2023 ). Therefore further development is envisioned with an immobilized version of TvLac5 in this study.…”

Bio-Enzyme Hybrid with Nanomaterials: A Potential Cargo as Sustainable Biocatalyst

“…Biomass is a promising raw material for biofuel production to fulfil current and future demands for sustainable and renewable fuels. Cellulases and lipases are the primary enzymes for widespread applications in enzymatic biodiesel and biofuel production [84]. The rapid growth in biofuel production with enzyme applications has been increasingly observed.…”

“…It is possible to create enzymes that are more effective and stable in challenging environmental circumstances, such as high temperatures and low pH levels. Furthermore, the use of nanoimmobilized enzymes enables improved accuracy and selectivity in focusing on certain contaminants, minimizing the impact on nontarget organisms [84]. In addition, enzyme-immobilized nanomaterials have been electrochemically used to detect and destroy water contaminants such as phenolic chemicals, pigments, plastics, medicines, and pesticides [86].…”

Enzyme-Immobilized Porous Crystals for Environmental Applications

“…Over the last few decades, a variety of nano/microsized materials have been developed as solid carriers for enzyme immobilization, including carbon materials, polymer gels, and porous organic/inorganic nanoparticles, among others. − This immobilization method offers a new insight into the access to hybrid biocatalysts and can significantly enhance the conformational stability of an enzyme due to the structural confinement by nanocarriers (also termed the nanoconfinement effect) . However, these solid carriers often encounter limitations like low enzyme loading efficiency and limited porosity, which impede the catalytic functionality of the hybrid biocatalysts integrated .…”