Enzyme activities in some types of peripheral leukocytes of thoroughbred race horses before and after the races

Hosoya, M.; Inoue, Akira; Kimura, N.; Arai, Toshiro

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.04.001

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Bifidobacteria are nutritionally less fastidious than lactobacilli (Tamura, 1983). Carbohydrates are degraded exclusively and characteristically by the fructose-6-phosphate shunt, and acetic acid and lactic acid are major metabolites (Hosoya et al, 2004). Some researchers have proposed a theoretical molar ratio of acetic acid to lactic acid of 1.5, although other workers have proven that this ratio is not always obtained (Pereira and Gibson, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of probiotic-supplemented diet on the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase in the leukocytes of rabbits

Ghoneim

Moselhy

2012

Toxicol Ind Health

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Probiotics are known as living, nonpathogenic microorganisms that colonize the intestine and provide benefit to the host. The present study aims to measure one important energy metabolism-related enzyme activity in blood of rabbits fed on probiotics of recommended concentration. In addition, it also aims for the evaluation of the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Two groups of rabbits are used: control group receiving normal standardized diet and the other probiotic-supplemented group receiving the same diet containing probiotic, namely, Mega acidophilus (200 million cfu/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. The obtained results revealed that the rabbits supplemented with probiotics showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) when compared with control group. Risk factors detected by measuring TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c ratios showed statistically significant decrease in probiotic-supplemented rabbits when compared with control group. In addition, blood glucose and total LDH activity were elevated in probiotic-supplemented rabbits when compared with control group. RT-PCR products of LDH-M gene produced two specific amplicons. One amplicon has the expected size of 243 bp from all samples of rabbits as revealed by GelPro software. The level of LDH-M expression was found to be increased in the probiotic-supplemented group. However, unexpected amplicons are produced at 586 bp in all the samples, which may be a dimeric form of the amplified region. It was concluded that this probiotic blend is beneficiary for the metabolic reactions of lipids in the body. Moreover, LDH expression level can be considered as a biomarker for the effect of probiotic and hence monitoring the metabolic changes as reflected from its administration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of probiotic-supplemented diet on the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase in the leukocytes of rabbits

Ghoneim

Moselhy

2012

Toxicol Ind Health

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“…In horses, racing and high-intensity exercise contribute to many metabolic and hormonal alterations, with resulting impacts on the immune system. The severity of changes varies according to the intensity, duration, and repetition of exercise, and also are affected by breed and gender differences [ 11 , 25 , 33 , 44 ]. Based on alterations of immunological functions, exercise may potentiate or attenuate the symptoms of infectious disease [ 17 , 24 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of branched-chain amino acids on immune status of young racing horses

et al. 2022

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High-intensity exercise and competition are associated with depressed immune function. Young horses, which participate in high-intensity exercise and competitions, are at increased risk for the development of infectious disease due to depression of immune function. The effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on the immune status of young racing horses were evaluated, determining whether BCAA might help to avoid or reduce immune suppression during exercise and competitions. Twenty horses (10 male and 10 female) were treated with BCAA supplementation; another twenty untreated horses (10 male and 10 female) constituted control group. Peripheral blood was collected from each animal and evaluated for lymphocyte subsets, phagocytosis analysis of monocytes and granulocytes, lymphocyte proliferative response, and expression of cytokine-encoding messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs). The numbers of CD4 + , CD8 + , and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II + cells in females of the treated group were significantly higher than those in females of the control group. The lymphocyte proliferative response in female of the treated group also was significantly higher than that in females of the control group. In addition, expression of mRNAs encoding interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in females of the treated group was significantly higher than that in females of the control group. There were no significant differences between males of the treated and control groups. The results of this study indicated the positive effects of BCAA supplementation in counteracting immunosuppression in young female racing horses during and following high-intensity exercise.

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“…Mitochondrial MDH is directly involved in energy production through the reduction of NAD+ to NADH [13]. Elevated mitochondrial MDH activities are observed in leukocytes of race horses after continuous hard training [11] and tumor cells [1], which need excess glucose as an energy source. Therefore, increases in M/L ratio, cytosolic PK and mitochondrial MDH activities are considered to reflect higher energy production in the lymphoma cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Activities of Enzymes Related to Energy Metabolism in Canine Lymphoma Cells

Washizu

Azakami

Bonkobara

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Alterations in the activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in canine lymphoma cells were investigated. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase (PK) and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in lymphoma cells were significantly higher than those in lymphocytes obtained from lymph nodes of healthy dogs, whereas cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly lower in lymphoma cells. The cytosolic M/L ratio (MDH activity/LDH activity), which is considered to be a good indicator of energy metabolism related to glucose utilization in animal tissues, was significantly higher in lymphoma cells than in the normal lymphocytes. KEY WORDS: canine, lymphoma, malate dehydrogenase.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67(6): 615-616, 2005 Lymphoma is one of the most common neoplasms observed in the dog and primarily affects middle-aged to older dogs [14]. The most common form of canine lymphoma is the multicentric form, which usually presents with superficial lymphadenopathy. Morphology, immunophenotypes, responsiveness to chemotherapy, and correlations between morphology and survival time of canine lymphoma have been reported [8,9,17]. Several reports have discussed the metabolic alterations of dogs with lymphoma [15,16,20], however, the enzyme activities of lymphoma cells per se have not been investigated. In the present study, lymphoma cells and normal lymphocytes from the lymph nodes of healthy dogs were obtained, and the activities of the enzymes related to energy metabolism including hexokinase (HK), piruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured.Five healthy mixed breed dogs (2 males and 3 females; 3-6 years old) maintained for research in our laboratory and fed on a commercial diet (Hill's Pet Products, Topeka, KS, U.S.A.) were used as control dogs. Their hematological and serum chemistry values were within the normal ranges. In addition, ten dogs referred to our Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and diagnosed as multicentric, stage III lymphoma were used. Signalment of the ten dogs are shown in Table 1.Popliteal lymph nodes of normal dogs were obtained surgically under general anesthesia with isoflurane (Rhodia, England). Lymphoma cells were collected by fine needle aspiration biopsy from enlarged lymph nodes of the dogs with lymphoma before the initiation of chemotherapy and put in RPMI 1640 medium. Lymphocytes and lymphoma cells were further purified by gradient centrifugation with a commercially available mononuclear cell isolating solution (Histopaque-1077, Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.), followed by three washes with cold phosphatebuffered saline (0.15 M NaCl, pH 7.2).Washed lympyocytes were resuspended in 2 ml ice-cold STE solution (0.25 M sucrose, 10 mM Tris-Hcl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 2 mM EGTA), followed by homogenization with an ultrasonic processor (VP-5, Taitek, Koshigaya, Japan) for 5 sec. The homogenate was centrifuged at 100 × g for 1 min to remove nuclei and cell debris, and the supe...

show abstract

Enzyme activities in some types of peripheral leukocytes of thoroughbred race horses before and after the races

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Impact of probiotic-supplemented diet on the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase in the leukocytes of rabbits

Impact of probiotic-supplemented diet on the expression level of lactate dehydrogenase in the leukocytes of rabbits

Effects of branched-chain amino acids on immune status of young racing horses

Changes in Activities of Enzymes Related to Energy Metabolism in Canine Lymphoma Cells

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