Enzymatic Synthesis of Conducting Polyaniline in Micelle Solutions

Abstract

Peroxidase-catalyzed template-guided polymerization of aniline has been carried out in aqueous micellar solutions of surfactants, such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, (SDBS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyoxyethylene(10) isooctylphenyl ether (Triton X-100). The properties of these enzymatically synthesized polyanilines strongly depend on the structure of the surfactants used in the formation of micelles as shown by the UV-vis-near-IR absorption spectroscopy. The micelles formed by strong acid surfactants such as SDBS are suitable templates for the enzymatic synthesis of conducting polyaniline. In solution, the micelles may serve as nanoreactors for the aniline monomer prior to the reaction and provide the necessary low-pH local environment for the growth of conducting polyaniline. The formation of low-pH local environment is further confirmed by the pH change of the bulk solution after the loading of aniline onto the micelles. FTIR, NMR, and UV-vis-near-IR absorption spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry are used in the characterization of the synthesized polyaniline. The enzymatically synthesized SDBS micellar polyanilines are electrically active and soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO and DMF in emeraldine base form.

Fabrication of polyaniline coated iron oxide hybrid particles and their dual stimuli-response under electric and magnetic fields

“…In the Fe 3 O 4 @PANI spectrum, the peaks at approximately 3384 cm -1 (free N-H stretching vibration band in association with hydrogen bond), 1585 and 1498 (C=N and C=C stretching vibration of the quinoid and benzenoid ring, respectively), 1304 and 1143 (C-N stretching of the secondary aromatic amine), 1247 (C-N stretching vibration in protonic acid doped PANI), and 829 cm -1 (out of plane deformation of C-H in the 1,4-disubstituted benzene ring) were assigned to the characteristics of pure PANI [21,22]. All of them were blue-shifted compared to the pure PANI peaks (1568, 1492, 1303, and 1135 cm -1 ) because the N atoms with lone pairs of electrons in PANI are inclined to adsorb to the surface hydroxyls of Fe 3 O 4 by hydrogen bonding, which decreases the electron cloud density of C=C, C=N and C-N bonds in the conjugated quinoid and/or benzenoid rings.…”

Nanoparticle Synthesis in Engineered Organic Nanoscale Reactors

“…[34] The shell of the reverse micelles significantly alters the conformation of the solubilized enzymes in order to accommodate the micellar structure, through interactions with the micellar interface. Some authors [35] have demonstrated the enzyme-catalyzed formation of conductive polyaniline inside sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and Triton X100 reverse micelles. Horseradish peroxidase, capable of catalyzing the polymerization of anilines and phenols in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, was used as the enzyme catalyst.…”

A novel method for synthesis of water‐soluble polypyrrole with horseradish peroxidase enzyme

“…Strongly acidic polyelectrolyte, such as sulfonated polystyrene (SPS), is the most favorable template because it provides a lower and local pH environment and preferentially aligns the monomers through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions to promote the desired head-to-tail coupling. 8 An extension of this work then included a templateassisted, HRP-catalyzed polymerization to synthesize a water-soluble and processable form of conducting polymer under environmentally mild conditions. We have recently reported the enzymatic synthesis and characterization of a water-soluble, conducting poly (o-toluidine) and poly (2-ethylaniline).…”