Enzymatic production of cyclodextrins

Abstract

Cyclodextrins (CD) are enzymatically modified starches with a wide range of applications in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries, agriculture and environmental engineering. They are produced from starch via enzymatic conversion using cyclodextrin glycosyl transferases (CGTases) and partly alpha-amylases. Due to its low solubility in water, separation and purification of beta-CD is relatively easy compared to alpha- and gamma-CD. In recent years more economic processes for gamma-CD and especially alpha-CD production have been developed using improved CGTases and downstream processing. New purification steps, e.g. affinity adsorption, may reduce the use of complexing agents. The implementation of thermostable CGTases can simplify the production process and increase the selectivity of the reaction. A tabular overview of alpha-CD production processes is presented.

Improved activity of β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus sp. N-227 via mutagenesis of the conserved residues

“…The molecular weight of the purified mutant proteins was about 70 kDa, which was consistent with the expected values as reported by Nomoto et al (1986). These enzymes present common properties with the majority of the reported CGTases which are monomeric with a molecular mass ranging from 60 to 110 kDa (Biwer et al 2002;Nomoto et al 1986). …”

Versatile microbial surface-display for environmental remediation and biofuels production

“…The functions of CGTase include hydrolysis of starch, cyclicalization of non-reducing dextrins, coupling and disproportionation of oligosaccharides and modification of the length of non-cyclic dextrins [30]. Yeast cells with surface-expressed CGTase enabled yeast to utilize starch as a carbon source to produce 24 mg/ml of cyclodextrins.…”

“…The cylindrical shape of cyclodextrins, which is hydrophobic inside and hydrophilic outside, allow it to form complexes with hydrophobic compounds. The ability to immobilize hydrophobic molecules within the ring structure of cyclodextrins makes the molecule suitable for a range of applications including simultaneous remediation of organic compounds and heavy metals [31], as well as starch hydrolysis for biofuels production [30].…”

From Zeolite to Host-Guest Nanocomposite Materials

“…1. The production of cyclodextrins (CDs) involves treatment of ordinary starch with a set of easily available enzymes [3]. Several synthetic methods for the preparation of glycosylated cyclodextrins have been reported [4,5].…”