Enzymatic potential and biosurfactant production by endophytic fungi from mangrove forest in Southeastern Brazil

Abstract

Microbial activity is the main route for cycling mangrove nutrients. In general, microorganisms have abilities to degrade lignocellulosic compounds. Among the biotechnological potential of the microbiota from mangroves, it is noteworthy about endophytic fungi, which can be considered as effective sources of different bioactive compounds. In this sense, thirty (30) endophytic fungi were isolated from mangrove forest sampling Cananeia, SP, Brazil. These microorganisms were analyzed about their enzymatic activities including: lignin peroxidase EC 1.11.1.14, manganese peroxidase EC 1.11.1.13 and laccase EC 1.10.3.2, as well endo-cellulase EC 3.2.1.4 and endo-xylanase EC 3.2.1.8. Besides that, production of bioactive secondary metabolites like biosurfactant and/or bioemulsifier was also investigated. As results, nineteen (19) isolates were selected about their ligninolytic abilities, nine (9) of them about cellulase activity and thirteen (13) showed xylanase abilities. The fungal isolate named as 3(3), characterized as Fusarium sambucinum, showed a prominent lignin peroxidase (42.4 U L −1 ) and manganese peroxidase (23.6 U L −1 ) activities. The isolate 63.1, also related to Fusarium sp. genera, was selected about its laccase activity (41.5 U L −1 ). From all the investigated fungi, the isolate 47(4) Trichoderma camerunense was selected about its cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, showing 45.23 and 26.09 U mL −1 , respectively. The same fungi also showed biosurfactant ability demonstrated by superficial tension decreasing to 38 mN/m. In addition, fifteen (15) fungi exhibited bioemulsifier activity, with E 24 values up to 62.8%. (http:// creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Genome Sequence of Trichoderma lixii MUT3171, A Promising Strain for Mycoremediation of PAH-Contaminated Sites

“…Recent studies have suggested that Trichoderma strains are barely capable of producing extracellular laccases constitutively. As found for Trichoderma camerunense [ 9 ] and Trichoderma koningiopsis [ 49 ], T. lixii MUT3171 showed a minimal laccase activity: the oxidation of ABTS in solid plate test was marginally appreciable (halo diameter approx. 2 cm).…”

“…Increasing evidence revealed that the success of filamentous fungi in mycoremediation is aided by their ability to make pollutants more bioavailable, through the production of biosurfactants [ 7 , 8 ]. However, only a few studies have revealed the presence of biosurfactant-producing Trichoderma strains [ 9 , 10 ]. The production of bioactive compounds by a fungal strain is another important parameter when assessing mycoremediation potential: it redirects nutrient flux from decomposed wastes into molecules that are beneficial to the fungus, guaranteeing competitiveness of the strain and promoting co-metabolization of chemicals, but it also represents a drawback in terms of safety application [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Marine endophytic fungal metabolites: A whole new world of pharmaceutical therapy exploration

“…However, as a result of the extreme profundity of the oceans, they appear in excess of 99% of our planet's natural habitation; providing almost unlimited resources for new natural products compared to the terrestrial habitation up to 100 m [ 45 , 57 ]. Each marine plant, animal, and microorganism produces huge number of metabolites with unique feature of lead structures that have promising prospects as novel drugs for treating cancer, inflammation, and infection as well as these compounds cannot be found in terrestrial habitats [ 9 , 56 , 58 ]. Many of marine metabolites derived from sponges, snails, worms, tunicates, molluscs, soft corals, and their symbiotic microorganisms are in clinical phase trials (Phase I, Phase II or Phase III; Table 1 ) or approved as drugs in the zone of cancer, pain, viral and wound healing diseases [ 28 , 31 , 59 , 60 ].…”

“…Enzymes of pharmacological and medicinal importance are gaining increasing interest [ 125 ]. The fungal endophytes are an unexplored source of enzymes with different potentialities [ 58 ]. The fungal extracellular enzymes are earning significance in food industry, confectionery, textile, leather, agriculture and human health because of their high production capability with minimial cost and stabilization at different most conditions as high temperatures and pHs [ 126 ].…”

Leishmanicidal, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and enzymatic activities of Diaporthe species, a mangrove-isolated endophytic fungus

“…The broad spectrum of biological activity exhibited by endophytic fungal isolates enables, among other things, the exploration of substances with potential for antimicrobial and enzyme production, which can be achieved on a large scale through fermentation and presents considerable potential for industrial applications (Dezam et al, 2017;Marques et al, 2018;Yan et al, 2018;Gurgel et al, 2020). Several studies have described endophytic fungi with antimicrobial activities (Ratnaweera et al, 2015;Bezerra et al, 2015;Campos et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2016Chen et al, , 2019Khan et al, 2016;Deshmukh et al, 2020) and enzymatic activities in several plant species and mangroves from different regions (Bezerra et al, 2015;Martinho et al, 2019).…”