Enzymatic emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization to prepare polystyrene particles using horseradish peroxidase as a catalyst

Kohri, Michinari; Uzawa, Satoshi; Kobayashi, Ayaka; Fukushima, Haruka; Taniguchi, Tadatsugu; Nakahira, Takayuki

doi:10.1038/pj.2012.129

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…249 Horseradish peroxidase has been used for the free-radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in the presence of H 2 O 2 and β-diketones. 102,250 Polystyrene particles were prepared via the horseradish peroxidase-mediated emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of styrene. The results indicate that the β-diketone moieties, which were located on the surface of the particles, influenced the particle formation and stability.…”

Section: Chemical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis

et al. 2016

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The present article comprehensively reviews the macromolecular synthesis using enzymes as catalysts. Among the six main classes of enzymes, the three classes, oxidoreductases, transferases, and hydrolases, have been employed as catalysts for the in vitro macromolecular synthesis and modification reactions. Appropriate design of reaction including monomer and enzyme catalyst produces macromolecules with precisely controlled structure, similarly as in vivo enzymatic reactions. The reaction controls the product structure with respect to substrate selectivity, chemo-selectivity, regio-selectivity, stereoselectivity, and choro-selectivity. Oxidoreductases catalyze various oxidation polymerizations of aromatic compounds as well as vinyl polymerizations. Transferases are effective catalysts for producing polysaccharide having a variety of structure and polyesters. Hydrolases catalyzing the bond-cleaving of macromolecules in vivo, catalyze the reverse reaction for bond forming in vitro to give various polysaccharides and functionalized polyesters. The enzymatic polymerizations allowed the first in vitro synthesis of natural polysaccharides having complicated structures like cellulose, amylose, xylan, chitin, hyaluronan, and chondroitin. These polymerizations are "green" with several respects; nontoxicity of enzyme, high catalyst efficiency, selective reactions under mild conditions using green solvents and renewable starting materials, and producing minimal byproducts. Thus, the enzymatic polymerization is desirable for the environment and contributes to "green polymer chemistry" for maintaining sustainable society.

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Section: Chemical Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis

et al. 2016

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“…Although there is slight error, considering the content of Eu(TTA) 3 (TOPO) 2 (7.3 × 10 4 molecules • particle −1 ) mentioned above, the composition of Eu(TTA) 3 (TOPA) 2 was calculated to be 1.3 mol% with respect to St, which is almost the same as the feed ratio (1.0 mol%). Compared with the results of miniemulsion polymerization using BSA as an emulsifier [66], the Eu complex was introduced efficiently, which could be attributed to the high emulsifying ability of C12DMAEMA. In addition, it seems reasonable to ignore the resonance peaks of the TTA and TOPO ligands in the 1 H NMR spectrum of the PSt core particle.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Pst Core Particlesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Synthesis of luminescent core–shell polymer particles carrying amino groups for covalent immobilization of enzymes

et al. 2021

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Luminescent core-shell polymer particles carrying amino groups for covalent immobilization of enzymes were synthesized for practical applications in immunoassays. The polystyrene core particles were synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization of oil-in-water emulsion styrene droplets dissolving 2-(2-chloropropionyl)ethyl methacrylate and the europium complex emulsified with 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-n-dodecylammonium bromide. The red luminescence attributed to europium complexes embedded in the core particles was observed upon UV irradiation. The PSt-g-POEGMAx-NH 2 aminated core-shell particles were prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMAx), followed by Gabriel synthesis. The densities of grafted chains were determined by the composition, the hydrodynamic diameters, and the fluorescence labeling method. POEGMAx-grafted chains were found to affect the dispersion stability of the particles. The nonspecific adsorption of bovine serum albumin was suppressed by the POEGMAx-grafted chains. The enzymatic activity of horseradish peroxidase covalently bound to the terminal amino groups of POEGMAx-grafted chains was evaluated by colorimetric immunosorbent assay. KeywordsMiniemulsion polymerization • Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) • Oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMAx) • Core-shell polymer particles • Europium complexes • Activated-horseradish peroxidase (activated-HRP) * Tatsuo Taniguchi

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“…19 Up to now, PS microspheres have been used to encapsulate CdSe, 20 CdSe/ZnS, 21 Au nanoparticles, 22 and others. 23 The preparative procedures include microemulsion polymerization, 24 emulsifier-free polymerization, 25 seed emulsion polymerization 26 and dispersion polymerization. 27,28 Silica (SiO 2 ), which has been proven to be another bio-friendly material, can also be used to encapsulate QDs providing a number of advantages amongst which include: the surface chemistry of the QDs can be altered, the solubilization of the materials in bio-solutions can be facilitated, and their toxicity can be avoided, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulated Cd₃P₂ quantum dots emitting from the visible to the near infrared for bio-labelling applications

Ding

Chen

et al. 2014

CrystEngComm

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Enzymatic emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization to prepare polystyrene particles using horseradish peroxidase as a catalyst

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis

Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis

Synthesis of luminescent core–shell polymer particles carrying amino groups for covalent immobilization of enzymes

Encapsulated Cd₃P₂ quantum dots emitting from the visible to the near infrared for bio-labelling applications

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Enzymatic emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization to prepare polystyrene particles using horseradish peroxidase as a catalyst

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis

Enzymes as Green Catalysts for Precision Macromolecular Synthesis

Synthesis of luminescent core–shell polymer particles carrying amino groups for covalent immobilization of enzymes

Encapsulated Cd3P2 quantum dots emitting from the visible to the near infrared for bio-labelling applications

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Encapsulated Cd₃P₂ quantum dots emitting from the visible to the near infrared for bio-labelling applications