Enzymatic Conversion of D-Glucose to D-Fructose

Marshall, Richard O.; Kooi, Earl R.

doi:10.1126/science.125.3249.648

Cited by 181 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The use of glucose isomerase (GI) to convert glucose in corn syrup to fructose has been in practice for some time. Pseudomonas hydrophila was the first organism to be reported to convert D-glucose to D-fructose (Marshall and Kooi 1957). After this a large number of microorganisms that are capable of producing GI have been reported (da Silva et al 2006;Dhungel et al 2007;Tumturk et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive production of extracellular glucose isomerase by an osmophillic Aspergillus sp. under submerged conditions

2010

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We report constitutive production of glucose isomerase (GI) under submerged growth of Aspergillus sp. in glucose phosphate broth (GPB). The fungus produced significant quantities of extracellular GI in GPB without supplementing the inducer (xylose). The maximum biomass (872 mg) and highest level of GI (1126 U) were obtained in 42 h at 30°C and 120 rpm. Equal level of biomass and enzyme were produced in GPB with glucose and xylose, but

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutive production of extracellular glucose isomerase by an osmophillic Aspergillus sp. under submerged conditions

2010

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“…Tappy and Lee noted in a review that according to the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, currently it is estimated that fructose consumption by teenagers reaches 72.8g/day 24 . The large growth in consumption of fructose is due in great part to the development of techniques that allowed the extraction of starch from corn, its hydrolysis into glucose and the enzymatic isomerization of glucose to fructose, thereby producing large-scale syrup corn (High Fructose Corn Syrup -HFCS) after 1960's 25 . The HFCS presents good stability in acidified food and drink; being liquid, its transport and storage are easier than those of sucrose, and being derived from corn, HFCS has become one of the ingredients most used by food industry 26 .…”

Section: Fructose Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fructose and NAFLD: metabolic implications and models of induction in rats

Castro¹,

Cardoso²,

Vannucchi³

et al. 2011

Acta Cir. Bras.

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PURPOSE:The increase in fructose consumption is paralleled by a higher incidence of obesity worldwide. This monosaccharide is linked to metabolic syndrome, being associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. It is metabolized principally in the liver, where it can be converted into fatty acids, which are stored in the form of triglycerides leading to NAFLD. Several models of NAFLD use diets high in simple carbohydrates. Thus, this study aimed to describe the major metabolic changes caused by excessive consumption of fructose in humans and animals and to present liver abnormalities resulting from high intakes of fructose in different periods of consumption and experimental designs in Wistar rats. METHODS: Two groups of rats were fasted for 48 hours and reefed for 24 or 48 hours with a diet containing 63% fructose. Another group of rats was fed an diet with 63% fructose for 90 days. RESULTS: Refeeding for 24 hours caused accumulation of large amounts of fat, compromising 100% of the hepatocytes. The amount of liver fat in animals refed for 48 hours decreased, remaining mostly in zone 2 (medium-zonal). In liver plates of Wistar rats fed 63% fructose for 45, 60 and 90 days it's possible to see that there is an increase in hepatocytes with fat accumulation according to the increased time; hepatic steatosis, however, is mild, compromising about 20% of the hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Fructose is highly lipogenic, however the induction of chronic models in NAFLD requires long periods of treatment. The acute supply for 24 or 48 hours, fasted rats can cause big changes, liver steatosis with macrovesicular in all lobular zones. Key words: Fructose. Fatty Liver. Diet. Rats. RESUMO OBJETIVO:O aumento do consumo de frutose é concomitante a maior incidência mundial de obesidade. Este monossacarídeo está relacionado à Síndrome Metabólica, sendo vinculado à hipertrigliceridemia, hipertensão arterial, resistência à insulina e diabetes mellitus. É metabolizada principalmente no fígado, onde pode ser convertida em ácidos graxos, os quais serão estocados na forma de trigligérides ocasionando a esteatose hepática não alcoólica (NAFLD). Vários modelos de NAFLD utilizam dietas ricas em carboidratos simples. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivos descrever as principais alterações metabólicas causadas pelo consumo excessivo de frutose em humanos e em animais e apresentar as alterações hepáticas decorrentes da alta ingestão de frutose em diferentes períodos de consumo e desenhos experimentais em ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Dois grupos de ratos Wistar foram mantidos em jejum durante 48 horas e realimentados por 24 ou 48 horas com dieta contendo 63% de frutose. Outro grupo de ratos Wistar foi alimentado com 63% de frutose durante 90 dias. RESULTADOS: A realimentação por 24 horas provocou acúmulo de grande quantidade de gordura. A quantidade de gordura hepática nos animais realimentados por 48 horas diminuiu, mantendo-se principalmente nas zona 2 (medio-zonal). Em fígados de ratos Wi...

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“…The story starts innocently enough in 1957 when U.S. scientists discovered a way to enzymatically convert dextrose (viz. corn syrup) to D-fructose (15). Fructose bound with its isomer glucose is sucrose, or common table sugar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol USA

Keeney

2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ethanol made from corn has been politically held up in the U.S. as a solution to dependency on petrochemical fuel. Yet growing enough corn to produce even a small fraction of the amount required for vehicles in the U.S. will be a drain on precious resources, including water and land. Further, widespread agricultural production will decrease the quality of water and accelerate harmful environmental changes, such as the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico. Dennis Kenney argues that “biofuels” could be an answer to decreasing reliance on fossil fuels, but their production needs to be made sustainable so as to avoid myriad false promises.

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Enzymatic Conversion of D-Glucose to D-Fructose

Cited by 181 publications

References 8 publications

Constitutive production of extracellular glucose isomerase by an osmophillic Aspergillus sp. under submerged conditions

Constitutive production of extracellular glucose isomerase by an osmophillic Aspergillus sp. under submerged conditions

Fructose and NAFLD: metabolic implications and models of induction in rats

Ethanol USA

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