Enzymatic Alterations and Genotoxic Effects Produced by Sublethal Concentrations of Organophosphorous Temephos in Poecilia reticulata

Abstract

The responses of biochemical and genetic parameters were evaluated in tissues of Poecilia reticulata exposed to sublethal and environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.005, 0.01, or 0.02 mg/L of the organophosphorous (OP) pesticide temephos (TE) for 168 h. Activities of enzymes brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and liver carboxylesterase (CbE) were determined. Nuclear abnormalities (NA) and micronucleus (MN) frequency in gill erythrocytes were also measured. No mortality was observed over the experimental period; however, brain AChE activities were decreased significantly in guppies in all TE treatment groups after 72 h of exposure. Hepatic CbE activities of fish were increased in all TE treatment groups at 96, 120, and 144 h of exposure. The frequencies of MN and NA in fish gill erythrocytes displayed a marked rise after 168 h of exposure to concentrations of 0.01 or 0.02 mg/L TE. Thus, determination of these parameters may be employed as potential indices of exposure to TE using this sentinel organism for monitorining.

Control effectiveness of APL formulation against dengue- and Zika-transmittingAedesmosquitoes in Gia Lai province, Vietnam

“…In the past five decades, synthetic chemical insecticides have been employed imprudently to prevent the Aedes mosquito. These resulted in numerous adverse effects on human health and the environment [56], directly associated with genetic instability and increased predisposition to cancer [57,58], and caused hormonal disturbances and male infertility [59].…”

Assessment of the Toxicological Effects of Pesticides and Detergent Mixtures on Zebrafish Gills: a Histological Study

“…Inhibition of AChE by xenobiotics results in accumulation of acetylcholine and leads to paralysis of respiratory muscles, and subsequently compromises gill functions [43]. Interestingly, histopathological alterations found in gills were directly correlated with the inhibition of AChE follow exposure to pesticides [38,[44][45][46]. In addition, a continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hence oxidative stress was reported in gills of fish exposed to different brands of organophosphates [47][48].…”

The mixture of cashew nut shell liquid and castor oil results in an efficient larvicide against Aedes aegypti that does not alter embryo-fetal development, reproductive performance or DNA integrity

“…Considering the above issues, the results of the present study were promising, including 1) the high larvicidal efficiency of the product, and2) the lack of changes in embryonic and fetal development caused by the product and no detected genetic instability. Such effects can be correlated with infertility, teratogenesis/congenital malformations and cancer [ 8 , 51 , 53 , 56 , 57 ], which are important health issues that may negatively impact public health systems because, as chronic diseases, they require large investments to treat and maintain the quality of life of patients.…”