Enzymatic Activity of Desquamin

Brysk, Miriam M.; Bell, Trace; Brysk, Henry; Selvanayagam, Peter; Rajaraman, Srinivasan

doi:10.1006/excr.1994.1229

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Because proteins in corneodesmosomes play a crucial part in SC cell cohesion, and specific proteases have been identified in human SC (Egelrud, 1993;Brysk et al, 1994;Suzuki et al, 1996), proteolysis is generally believed to be a key event in desquamation. As the SC consists of enucleated, ''dead'' cells, however, it is still unclear, how the onset of desquamation in the upper SC is regulated (Egelrud et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Oxidation in Human Stratum Corneum: Susceptibility of Keratins to Oxidation In Vitro and Presence of a Keratin Oxidation Gradient In Vivo

Thiele

Hsieh

Briviba

et al. 1999

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

137

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The stratum corneum is located at the interface between body and environment and thus is constantly exposed to a pro-oxidative environment. Previously, we have demonstrated that stratum corneum lipids are targets of oxidative stress induced by ozone and by ultraviolet A and B exposure. Here, we employed an immunoblotting technique to detect protein oxidation in human stratum corneum obtained by tape stripping. After lysis, protein carbonyl groups were measured by derivatization with dinitrophenylhydrazine, separation by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotting using antibodies against dinitrophenyl groups. Keratin 10, identified by use of specific antibodies and by microsequencing, was demonstrated in vitro to be oxidizable by ultraviolet A irradiation, hypochlorite, and benzoyl peroxide. In vivo, a keratin 10 oxidation gradient with low levels in the lower stratum corneum layers, and about 3-fold higher contents of carbonyl groups towards the outer layers was demonstrated in forehead stratum corneum of healthy volunteers (n = 6). As protein oxidation can be associated with an increased susceptibility to proteases, this finding may be important for better understanding the process of desquamation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Oxidation in Human Stratum Corneum: Susceptibility of Keratins to Oxidation In Vitro and Presence of a Keratin Oxidation Gradient In Vivo

Thiele

Hsieh

Briviba

et al. 1999

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

137

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“…Recently, a glycoprotein of the trypsin type present in the stratum corneum was cloned and expressed [15]. It is thought to proteolytically activate another serine protease, chymotrypsin, which is directly involved in the lysis of the corneocyte corneodesmosomes and could thus play a major role in the regulation of desquamation [14,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Enzyme Markers during Clinical Regression of Atopic Dermatitis

Tarroux

Assalit²,

Licu³

et al. 2001

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Skin surface enzyme activities were found to be significantly different in healthy and in skin with atopic dermatitis and, following appropriate treatment, a close correlation was observed between the clinical staging of the atopic dermatitis and the levels of the assayed marker enzymes. Samples were taken, by stripping with simple adhesive tapes, from a group of subjects on cure in a spa. The corneocytes were recovered from the first layers of the stratum corneum. Aqueous extracts of the strips were tested for their activity on chromophoric substrates which allow fluorescence spectrometry to be used to assay the trypsin-like, acid-phosphatase-like and phospholipase-A2-like activities. We show that the restoration of return to activities close to those of healthy subjects is related to the general condition of the patients, who showed a clearly improved SCORAD. Recovery of the trypsin-like activity and attenuation of the phospholipase-like activity, paralleled the regression of the dermatitis as assessed by a decrease in clinically evaluated parameters of xerosis and inflammation.

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“…Of potential relevance to the fragile equilibrium between epithelial colonization and infection, IFN-␥ promotes expression of the glycoprotein desquamin, a cell adhesion molecule in the stratum corneum of the human epidermis which possesses lectin-like properties for amino sugars (58), as well as trypsin-like serine proteinase (57) and RNase (393) activity. Desquamin may thus play a crucial role in desquamation and shedding of Candida from the superficial portion of the epithelium.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2004

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Oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiases remain significant causes of morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, despite the dramatic ability of antiretroviral therapy to reconstitute immunity. Notable advances have been achieved in understanding, at the molecular level, the relationships between the progression of HIV infection, the acquisition, maintenance, and clonality of oral candidal populations, and the emergence of antifungal resistance. However, the critical immunological defects which are responsible for the onset and maintenance of mucosal candidiasis in patients with HIV infection have not been elucidated. The devastating impact of HIV infection on mucosal Langerhans' cell and CD4+ cell populations is most probably central to the pathogenesis of mucosal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients. However, these defects may be partly compensated by preserved host defense mechanisms (calprotectin, keratinocytes, CD8+ T cells, and phagocytes) which, individually or together, may limit Candida albicans proliferation to the superficial mucosa. The availability of CD4C/HIV transgenic mice expressing HIV-1 in immune cells has provided the opportunity to devise a novel model of mucosal candidiasis that closely mimics the clinical and pathological features of candidal infection in human HIV infection. These transgenic mice allow, for the first time, a precise cause-and-effect analysis of the immunopathogenesis of mucosal candidiasis in HIV infection under controlled conditions in a small laboratory animal

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Enzymatic Activity of Desquamin

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Protein Oxidation in Human Stratum Corneum: Susceptibility of Keratins to Oxidation In Vitro and Presence of a Keratin Oxidation Gradient In Vivo

Protein Oxidation in Human Stratum Corneum: Susceptibility of Keratins to Oxidation In Vitro and Presence of a Keratin Oxidation Gradient In Vivo

Variability of Enzyme Markers during Clinical Regression of Atopic Dermatitis

Immunopathogenesis of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

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