Environmental variability and population dynamics: do European and North American ducks play by the same rules?

Pöysä, Hannu; Rintala, Jukka; Johnson, Douglas H.; Kauppinen, Jukka; Lammi, Esa; Nudds, Thomas D.; Väänänen, Veli‐Matti

doi:10.1002/ece3.2413

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The size of duck populations vary naturally in response to environmental variation (Pöysä et al 2016) and reproductive output (constrained by nest success and duckling survival), in addition to female survival, are prime vital rates that affect population growth rate (Hoekman et al 2002;Coluccy et al 2008). Ducks represent a group of popular quarry species, for which the harvest is a major contributory source of mortality (Cooch et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between duck harvest, hunting wing ratios and measures of reproductive output in Northern Europe

et al. 2018

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Ducks are important game species, hunted in several countries throughout their annual cycle. We investigated whether the size of the annual duck harvest in Finland and Denmark reflected annual reproductive output in three common quarry duck species. Finland represents an important breeding area and Denmark important staging/wintering grounds for common teal (Anas crecca), Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope) and common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula). We assessed whether (i) annual duck harvest in these two countries correlated with variation in Finnish reproductive output or adult population size during 1990-2016 and (ii) variation in reproductive output of Finnish ducks was reflected in the juvenile ratios of birds harvested in Finland (2005-2007, 2014-2016) or Denmark (1990-2016). We hypothesised that variation in Finnish reproductive output would positively affect the size and juvenile ratio of the harvest, and that this effect would be stronger closer to the breeding grounds. Our data showed that the annual harvest of goldeneye in Finland was positively correlated with reproductive output, a desirable basis for applying sustainable management to this species. Teal and wigeon have much longer, more complex flyways, and their harvest did not mirror the annual production of young, although the wigeon harvest in Denmark increased with increasing juvenile ratio there. For these populations, we need to better define population units if we are to be able to assess harvest sustainability. We urgently need to monitor duck breeding success and harvest at larger spatial scales to support a comprehensive analysis of how well the harvest reflects reproductive output.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between duck harvest, hunting wing ratios and measures of reproductive output in Northern Europe

et al. 2018

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“…Even with the use of a PBR-calculated value at prudence recovery factor f = 0.1, our ASMM showed that the population will decrease by 47% in 30 years ( Figure 2D and Table S3), which qualifies such a population as regionally 'Vulnerable' (VU), and very close to regionally 'Endangered' (EN) according to IUCN criteria, which is also not an optimistic forecast. PBR probably works best for populations exhibiting a high degree of density-dependence, while dynamics of many waterfowl populations is driven mainly by environmental variation (Pöysä et al 2016, see also O'Brien et al 2017 for more discussion). Forecasts for the coming years using bycatch values estimated in this article also do not look too optimistic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Without detailed knowledge of the form of densitydependence, this would result in undue proliferation of possible scenarios. Still, importance of density-dependence for duck population dynamics is debatable (Lawrence et al 2013, Pöysä et al 2016.…”

Section: Age-structured Matrix Population Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fishery bycatch is among the most important threats to the European population of Greater ScaupAythya marila

Marchowski

Jankowiak

Ławicki³

et al. 2020

Bird Conservation International

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SummaryFor Greater Scaup Aythya marila, classified as ‘Vulnerable’ on the European Red List of Birds, the south-western Baltic Sea is one of the most important wintering sites in Europe. In this area, a large concentration of gillnet fishery temporally overlaps periods of the most abundant occurrence of foraging diving birds. The aim of the article is to show how bycatch can impact the population of a diving duck. To assess this, we calculate the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) for the studied Greater Scaup population and we model the population change according to age-structured matrix models. Summing all the available recent figures on Greater Scaup bycatch in north-west Europe yields an estimated mean annual total of 3,991 individuals (2% of the flyway population). For a baseline stable population, an age-structured matrix model indicates that at this bycatch level the Greater Scaup population that winters in north-west Europe will decrease by 36% over the next 30 years, qualifying the status of the population as ‘Vulnerable’ according to IUCN criteria. As this population also experiences decline prior to bycatch, this decrease will be 57%, which qualifies the status as ‘Endangered’. PBR as an indicator of population vitality does not work in our case because the PBR-informed allowable bycatch values have a significantly negative impact on the population. Our results indicate unambiguously that fishery bycatch is among the most important threats responsible for the Greater Scaup’s decline. While recent data suggest that some improvement has taken place in the species’ status over the last 10 years, measures to protect Greater Scaup from bycatch are required. The solution should involve the prohibition of gillnet fishing in selected key sites and the use of mitigation techniques in other areas.

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“…Our data of lake-specific breeding numbers of black-headed gull and other waterbird species are from five regions in southern and central Finland and cover the period of 1977-2017, with the length of the lake-specific time series of breeding numbers varying from 22 to 41 years (Supplementary material, Table A1; additional details for four of the study regions can be found in Pöysä et al, 2016). The lakes in the study regions represent typical lakes in boreal Northern Europe, ranging from oligotrophic lakes surrounded by forest and peat shores to eutrophic lakes surrounded by arable lands.…”

Section: Bird Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Collapse of a protector species drives secondary endangerment in waterbird communities

Pöysä

Lammi²,

Pöysä³

et al. 2019

Biological Conservation

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Interactions and dependence between species can transmit the effects of species declines within and between trophic levels, resulting in secondary endangerments and, in some cases, extinctions. Many mixed-species avian breeding aggregations commonly have a protector species whose aggressive nest defense is used by other species to defend their nests. Disappearance of the protector species may have population demographic consequences on the dependent species. Aggressive nest defense behavior of small colonial gulls, such as the black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus), is used by many waterbird species to gain protection against predators. We used data from 15 local waterbird communities in Finland to study long-term changes and dynamics of breeding numbers of other waterbirds as a response to long-term changes and dynamics of black-headed gull colonies. We found that breeding numbers of many species tracked long-term changes in the size of black-headed gull colonies. This was true even after controlling for a common trend in the size of the black-headed gull colony and the breeding numbers of the other species. The trend-controlled positive temporal association with blackheaded gull was relatively stronger in species that nest in similar habitats of a lake as the black-headed gull, and in species that have a more critical conservation status due to drastic population decline. Our results suggest that the overall decline of black-headed gull colonies has resulted in secondary endangerment of many other species in waterbird communities.

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Environmental variability and population dynamics: do European and North American ducks play by the same rules?

Cited by 13 publications

References 86 publications

Associations between duck harvest, hunting wing ratios and measures of reproductive output in Northern Europe

Associations between duck harvest, hunting wing ratios and measures of reproductive output in Northern Europe

Fishery bycatch is among the most important threats to the European population of Greater ScaupAythya marila

Collapse of a protector species drives secondary endangerment in waterbird communities

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