Collapse of a protector species drives secondary endangerment in waterbird communities

Pöysä, Hannu; Lammi, Esa; Pöysä, Silvo; Väänänen, Veli‐Matti

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.12.016

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…While we accept that our study does not constitute solid proof that raccoon dogs are harmful to duck populations, the results show that it is a numerous, widely spread and frequent potential egg predator, at least at artificial nests. Nevertheless, the long-term duck breeding pair surveys show declining pair trends since 1980s for two of our study areas (Häme and North Savo), indicating changes in the some feature of their breeding habitats and possibly in their predator pressure (Pöysä et al 2017;Pöysä et al 2019; see also Pöysä and Linkola 2021 for the pair trends since 1950s for Häme). Despite the role of American mink implied by other studies of freshwater ducks (Brzezinski et al 2012(Brzezinski et al , 2019Zschille et al 2014), especially on maritime islands (Nordström et al 2002), in this study, the species was rarely encountered and very rarely as an active nest predator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Do alien predators pose a particular risk to duck nests in Northern Europe? Results from an artificial nest experiment

et al. 2021

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Several alien predator species have spread widely in Europe during the last five decades and pose a potential enhanced risk to native nesting ducks and their eggs. Because predation is an important factor limiting Northern Hemisphere duck nest survival, we ask the question, do alien species increase the nest loss risk to ground nesting ducks? We created 418 artificial duck nests in low densities around inland waters in Finland and Denmark during 2017–2019 and monitored them for seven days after construction using wildlife cameras to record whether alien species visit and prey on the nests more often than native species. We sampled various duck breeding habitats from eutrophic agricultural lakes and wetlands to oligotrophic lakes and urban environments. The results differed between habitats and the two countries, which likely reflect the local population densities of the predator species. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), an alien species, was the most common mammalian nest visitor in all habitats and its occurrence reduced nest survival. Only in wetland habitats was the native red fox (Vulpes vulpes) an equally common nest visitor, where another alien species, the American mink (Neovison vison), also occurred among nest visitors. Although cautious about concluding too much from visitations to artificial nests, these results imply that duck breeding habitats in Northern Europe already support abundant and effective alien nest predators, whose relative frequency of visitation to artificial nests suggest that they potentially add to the nest predation risk to ducks over native predators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Do alien predators pose a particular risk to duck nests in Northern Europe? Results from an artificial nest experiment

et al. 2021

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“…Pöysä et al 2013;Fox et al 2016;Lehikoinen et al 2016). In addition, a recent study indicates that the loss of Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus colonies, which provide protection against nest predators, has contributed to the decline of Common Pochard and Tufted Duck breeding numbers in Finland (Pöysä et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding sex ratios in two declining diving duck species: between-year variation and changes over six decades

Pöysä

Linkola²,

Paasivaara

2019

J Ornithol

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Sex ratio variation has important consequences for population dynamics and viability. Adult sex ratio is male biased in many duck species, and data from wintering areas suggest male bias has been increasing in some European duck species. However, the reasons for changes in sex ratios remain poorly understood, and information on sex ratio variation among breeding ducks is limited. We studied long-term changes in breeding sex ratios and breeding numbers in Common Pochard Aythya ferina and Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula in southern Finland, the former species being currently assessed as critically endangered and the latter as endangered in Finland. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that between-year variation in breeding sex ratios is affected by the severity of weather conditions in the wintering areas. The proportion of females among breeding Tufted Ducks decreased from 42.9% in 1951-1970 to 36.9% in 1996-2015, while no statistically significant change was observed in Common Pochard (41.8% and 39.5%, respectively). Both species showed a decline in breeding numbers over the same period. Severity of the preceding winter did not affect the proportion of females in the breeding area. Keywords Adult sex ratio • Aythya ferina • Aythya fuligula • Breeding population • Threatened species • Winter severity Zusammenfassung Geschlechterverhältnis zur Brutzeit bei zwei im Bestand abnehmenden Tauchentenarten: Variation zwischen den Jahren und Veränderungen über sechs Jahrzehnte Die Variation bezüglich des Geschlechterverhältnisses hat wichtige Konsequenzen für die Dynamik und Lebensfähigkeit von Populationen. Bei vielen Entenarten ist das Geschlechterverhältnis bei den Adulten zugunsten der Männchen verschoben, und Daten aus den Überwinterungsgebieten deuten darauf hin, dass diese "Männchenlastigkeit" bei manchen europäischen Entenarten zugenommen hat. Allerdings sind die den Änderungen im Geschlechterverhältnis zugrundeliegenden Ursachen bislang kaum erforscht und Informationen zur Geschlechterverhältnis-Variation bei Enten zur Brutzeit nur begrenzt verfügbar. Wir untersuchten langfristige Veränderungen des Geschlechterverhältnisses zur Brutzeit sowie der Brutvogelzahlen bei Tafelente Aythya ferina und Reiherente Aythya fuligula in Südfinnland; die erste Art wird in Finnland derzeit als "vom Aussterben bedroht", die letztere als "stark gefährdet" eingestuft. Zusätzlich überprüften wir die Hypothese, dass die jahresweise Variation des Geschlechterverhältnisses zur Brutzeit von der Härte der Wetterbedingungen in den Communicated by C. Barbraud.

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“…Such benefits include a reduction of predation risk (Krause and Ruxton , Harrison and Whitehouse ), increased efficiency in finding food (Aplin et al ), enhanced ability to gather information on habitat quality (Seppänen et al ) or increased foraging efficiency (Sridhar et al ). In mixed species colonies, antipredator benefits may be derived not only from a group size effect but also from complementary characteristics of each species in the aggregation (Haemig , Phelps et al ) and may scale with population trends (Pöysä et al ). Many of these benefits may also occur where conspecifics aggregate together, which may serve to maintain coloniality (Lack , Campobello et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric benefits of a heterospecific breeding association vary with habitat, conspecific abundance and breeding stage

Swift

Anteau

Roche

et al. 2020

Oikos

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Heterospecific breeding associations may benefit individuals by mitigating predation risk but may also create costs if they increase competition for resources or are more easily detectable by predators. Our understanding of the interactions among hetero-and conspecifics is often lacking in mixed species colonies. Here, we test how the presence of hetero-and conspecifics influence nest and chick survival for two listed (under the U.S. Endangered Species Act) migratory species breeding on the Missouri River, USA. We monitored 2507 piping plover Charadrius melodus nests and 3245 chicks as well as 1060 least tern Sternula antillarum nests and 1374 chicks on Lake Sakakawea, the Garrison River Reach and the Gavins Point Reach for varying years between 2007 and 2016. Piping plover nest and chick survival improved with the presence and abundance of least terns, but least terns only benefited from piping plover presence for certain study areas and breeding stages. Piping plover nest survival was also improved by the presence and abundance of conspecifics on the Garrison River Reach and was negatively influenced by conspecific presence on Lake Sakakawea. Least tern chick survival improved with the presence of other least terns only on the Gavins Point Reach. Ultimately, the heterospecific breeding association between plovers and terns is mutualistic but asymmetric and is moderated by habitat, abundance of conspecifics and breeding stage. Our results highlight that spatiotemporal variation in the interactions among individuals breeding in groups precludes simple generalizations and suggests that management focused on one species may restrict benefits to that focal species if nest site requirements for heterospecifics are not also included.

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Collapse of a protector species drives secondary endangerment in waterbird communities

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Do alien predators pose a particular risk to duck nests in Northern Europe? Results from an artificial nest experiment

Do alien predators pose a particular risk to duck nests in Northern Europe? Results from an artificial nest experiment

Breeding sex ratios in two declining diving duck species: between-year variation and changes over six decades

Asymmetric benefits of a heterospecific breeding association vary with habitat, conspecific abundance and breeding stage

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