Environmental Thyroid Disruptors and Human Endocrine Health

Massart, Francesco; Ferrara, Pietro; Saggese, Giuseppe

doi:10.5772/31572

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Measurements of peripheral thyroid hormones may not fully capture the phthalate-induced effects on thyroid homeostasis [ 68 ]. That is, blood levels of thyroid hormones may not correspond with actions at the receptor, such as regulation of gene expression and the developmental processes in which they are involved [ 73 , 74 ]. However, given the limited amount of data on this subject and the infeasibility of collecting more specific markers during pregnancy, levels of circulating thyroid hormone measurements may serve as the most appropriate biomarker of thyroid disruption in pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to maternal serum thyroid and sex hormone levels during pregnancy: a longitudinal analysis

Johns

Ferguson

Soldin

et al. 2015

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

127

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BackgroundIncreasing scientific evidence suggests that exposure to phthalates during pregnancy may be associated with an elevated risk of adverse reproductive outcomes such as preterm birth. Maternal endocrine disruption across pregnancy may be one pathway mediating some of these relationships. We investigated whether urinary phthalate metabolites were associated with maternal serum thyroid (free thyroxine [FT4], free triiodothyronine [FT3], and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]), and sex (estradiol, progesterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) hormone levels at multiple time points during pregnancy.MethodsPreliminary data (n = 106) were obtained from an ongoing prospective birth cohort in Northern Puerto Rico. We collected urine and serum sample at the first and third study visits that occurred at 18 +/- 2 and 26 +/- 2 weeks of gestation, respectively. To explore the longitudinal relationships between urinary phthalate metabolites and serum thyroid and sex hormone concentrations, we used linear mixed models (LMMs) adjusted for prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal age. An interaction term was added to each LMM to test whether the effect of urinary phthalate metabolites on serum thyroid and sex hormone levels varied by study visit. In cross-sectional analyses, we stratified BMI- and age-adjusted linear regression models by study visit.ResultsIn adjusted LMMs, we observed significant inverse associations between mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) and FT3 and between mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) and progesterone. In cross-sectional analyses by study visit, we detected stronger and statistically significant inverse associations at the third study visit between FT3 and MCPP as well as mono-carboxyisooctyl phthalate (MCOP); also at the third study visit, significant inverse associations were observed between FT4 and metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The inverse association between MEP and progesterone was consistent across study visits.ConclusionsIn this group of pregnant women, urinary phthalate metabolites may be associated with altered maternal serum thyroid and sex hormone levels, and the magnitude of these effects may depend on the timing of exposure during gestation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1477-7827-13-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to maternal serum thyroid and sex hormone levels during pregnancy: a longitudinal analysis

Johns

Ferguson

Soldin

et al. 2015

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

127

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“…Influence on the maternal thyroid system by POPs is of special interest during pregnancy because such effects could delay and impair fetal and neonatal development (Massart and Meucci 2007). The thyroid endocrine system is critical for regulating energy homeostasis, metabolic pathways, and the growth and differentiation of many tissues and organs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Association with Maternal and Infant Thyroid Homeostasis: A Multipollutant Assessment

Berg

Nøst

Pettersen

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Disruption of thyroid homeostasis has been indicated in human studies targeting effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Influence on the maternal thyroid system by POPs is of special interest during pregnancy because such effects could impair infant thyroid homeostasis.Objectives:We investigated the association between POPs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (THs) in mother and child pairs from the Northern Norway Mother-and-Child Contaminant Cohort Study (MISA).Methods:Nineteen POPs and 10 thyroid parameters were analyzed in serum from 391 pregnant women in their second trimester. In addition, TSH concentrations in heel-prick samples from the infants were analyzed by the Norwegian Newborn Screening program. Association studies with a multipollutant approach were performed using multivariate analyses; partial least squares (PLS) regression, hierarchical clustering, and principal component analysis (PCA).Results:Several POPs were significantly associated with TSH and THs: a) PFOS was positively associated with TSH; b) PCBs, HCB, and nonachlors were inversely associated with T3, T4, and FT4; and, c) PFDA and PFUnDA were inversely associated with T3 and FT3. After mutual adjustments for the other contaminants, only PFDA and PFUnDA remained significantly associated with T3 and FT3, respectively. Infants born to mothers within the highest TSH quartile had 10% higher mean concentrations of TSH compared with children born to mothers in the lowest TSH quartile.Conclusion:The present results suggest that background exposures to POPs can alter maternal thyroid homeostasis. This research contributes to the understanding of multipollutant exposures using multivariate statistical approaches and highlights the complexity of investigating environmental concentrations and mixtures in regard to maternal and infant thyroid function.Citation:Berg V, Nøst TH, Pettersen RD, Hansen S, Veyhe AS, Jorde R, Odland JØ, Sandanger TM. 2017. Persistent organic pollutants and the association with maternal and infant thyroid homeostasis: a multipollutant assessment. Environ Health Perspect 125:127–133; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP152

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Impact of dietary intervention devoid of probable endocrine disruptors among hypothyroid obese women consuming Levothyroxine -A Case study

Banerjee¹,

Pal²

2021

RJPT

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Background: Hypothyroidism among obese women is one of the concerned endocrine disorders nowadays. Data shows that at least one female member suffers in almost every family in some metro cities. Iodine deficiency was one of the main factors, but it is no longer a significant cause for two decades due to its sufficient availability. So the expected risk factors are obesity and endocrine disruptors available in foods and the environment. Objective: The study aims to determine the association between obesity and hypothyroidism among housewives living in Kolkata. Further, to evaluate hypothyroid to the euthyroid state through endocrine disruptors free dietary intervention. Methods: This qualitative study was based on purposive sampling, including BMI, thyroid profile tests, and relevant blood reports. The dietary intervention was considered for 120 obese hypothyroid housewives within 35-45 years in Kolkata city and peripherals. The study was conducted for March-August in 2019 with Levothyroxine treatment for the 1st three months, followed by the next three months without this medicine but only dietary interventions. SPSS version 16 has been applied for the data analysis. Results: The study revealed no such insufficiency of supplements that raised TSH and changed normal or subnormal T4 among the participants. The correlation coefficient for BMI and hypothyroid type was r = 0.524 and r = 0.425, p=.000 (p< 0.001 or p=0.000 or p<0.0005); BMI with TSH r = 0.554 and 0.437. So there was a significant relationship between obesity and hypothyroidism in association with comorbidities. Further, nine participants became normal weight, and fourteen progressed into mild status due to dietary interventions. Conclusions: The study showed a positive association between hypothyroidism and obesity and their comorbidities. Further, the hypothyroid diet plan devoid of endocrine disruptors worked remarkably without Levothyroxine.

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Environmental Thyroid Disruptors and Human Endocrine Health

Cited by 3 publications

References 138 publications

Urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to maternal serum thyroid and sex hormone levels during pregnancy: a longitudinal analysis

Urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to maternal serum thyroid and sex hormone levels during pregnancy: a longitudinal analysis

Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Association with Maternal and Infant Thyroid Homeostasis: A Multipollutant Assessment

Impact of dietary intervention devoid of probable endocrine disruptors among hypothyroid obese women consuming Levothyroxine -A Case study

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