Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities are a Potential Source for Transmission of<i>Candida auris</i>and Other<i>Candida</i>Species

Piedrahita, Christina; Cadnum, Jennifer L.; Jencson, Annette; Shaikh, Aaron; Ghannoum, Mahmoud A.; Donskey, Curtis J.

doi:10.1017/ice.2017.127

Cited by 174 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This characteristic can be used in the easy identification of this pathogen from other species and has been cited as a possible reason for the high survival of this pathogen in humans and its potential to survive in avian species (Borman et al, 2016;Chatterjee et al, 2015;Chowdhary et al, 2014;Satoh et al, 2009). Evidently, this thermoresistance will also enhance persistence in the host, aiding in the dissemination of this pathogen in the environment (Piedrahita et al, 2017;Schelenz et al, 2016;Welsh et al, 2017).…”

Section: Phenotypic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

2018

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From 2009, Candida auris has emerged as a multidrug‐resistant ascomycete yeast pathogen with the capacity for easy transmission between patients and hospitals, as well as persistence on environmental surfaces. Its association with high mortalities, breakthrough and persistent candidaemia, inconsistencies in susceptibility testing results, misidentification by available commercial identification systems and treatment failure, complicates its management and detection. Within the last nine years, C. auris has been increasingly reported from far‐Eastern Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, South and North America with substantial fatalities and misidentification. Herein, I provide a systematic and thorough review of this emerging pathogen. Meta‐analysis showed that at least 742 C. auris isolates have been reported in 16 countries, with most of these being from India (≥243), USA (≥232) and UK (≥103) (p‐value = .0355) within 2013–2017. Most isolates were from males (64.76%) (p‐value = .0329) and blood (67.48%) (p‐value < .0001), with substantial crude mortality (29.75%) (p‐value = .0488). Affected patients presented with other comorbidities: diabetes (≥52), sepsis (≥48), lung diseases (≥39), kidney diseases (≥32) etc. (p‐value < .0001). Resistance to fluconazole (44.29%), amphotericin B (15.46%), voriconazole (12.67%), caspofungin (3.48%) etc. were common (p‐value = .0059). Commonly used diagnostic tools included PCR (30.38%), Bruker MALDI‐TOF MS (14.00%), Vitek 2 YST ID (11.93%), AFLP (11.55%) and WGS (10.04%) (p‐value = .002). Multidrug resistance, high attributable mortality and persistence are associated with C. auris infections. Two novel drugs, SCY‐078 and VT‐1598, are currently in the pipeline. Contact precautions, strict infection control, periodic surveillance and cleaning with chlorine‐based detergents, efficient, faster and cheaper detection tools are necessary for prevention, containment and early diagnosis of C. auris infections.

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Section: Phenotypic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

2018

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“…Candida auris can persist on different types of surfaces, including moist, dry, and plastic surfaces, with the potential of survival for up to 14 days [33][34][35][36][37]. The success of environmental decontamination was variable in the literature utilizing mostly materials and methods tested earlier against resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens [17,21,38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ongoing Challenges with Healthcare-Associated Candida auris Outbreaks in Oman

Maani

Paul

Al-Rashdi

et al. 2019

JoF

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Candida auris has emerged in the past decade as a multi-drug resistant public health threat causing health care outbreaks. Here we report epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological investigations of a C. auris outbreak in a regional Omani hospital between April 2018 and April 2019. The outbreak started in the intensive care areas (intensive care unit (ICU), coronary care unit (CCU), and high dependency unit) but cases were subsequently diagnosed in other medical and surgical units. In addition to the patients' clinical and screening samples, environmental swabs from high touch areas and from the hands of 35 staff were collected. All the positive samples from patients and environmental screening were confirmed using MALDI-TOF, and additional ITS-rDNA sequencing was done for ten clinical and two environmental isolates. There were 32 patients positive for C. auris of which 14 (43.8%) had urinary tract infection, 11 (34.4%) had candidemia, and 7 (21.8%) had asymptomatic skin colonization. The median age was 64 years (14-88) with 17 (53.1%) male and 15 (46.9%) female patients. Prior to diagnosis, 21 (65.6%) had been admitted to the intensive care unit, and 11 (34.4%) had been nursed in medical or surgical wards. The crude mortality rate in our patient's cohort was 53.1. Two swabs collected from a ventilator in two different beds in the ICU were positive for C. auris. None of the health care worker samples were positive. Molecular typing showed that clinical and environmental isolates were genetically similar and all belonged to the South Asian C. auris clade I. Most isolates had non-susceptible fluconazole (100%) and amphotericin B (33%)

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“…138 The environmental survival of C auris has been studied. 144,147,148 In laboratory tests, C auris and other Candida spp were demonstrated to persist for 7 days on moist or dry (steel disks) surfaces. 147 Survival on dry linen for up to 7 days has been demonstrated.…”

Section: Environmental Contamination and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…144,147,148 In laboratory tests, C auris and other Candida spp were demonstrated to persist for 7 days on moist or dry (steel disks) surfaces. 147 Survival on dry linen for up to 7 days has been demonstrated. 148 C auris cells have been demonstrated to remain viable on plastic surfaces for at least 4 weeks, or 2 weeks after they were no longer culturable.…”

Section: Environmental Contamination and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

New and emerging infectious diseases (Ebola, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Candida auris): Focus on environmental survival and germicide susceptibility

Weber

Sickbert-Bennett

Kanamori

et al. 2019

American Journal of Infection Control

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Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities are a Potential Source for Transmission ofCandida aurisand OtherCandidaSpecies

Cited by 174 publications

References 9 publications

Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

Ongoing Challenges with Healthcare-Associated Candida auris Outbreaks in Oman

New and emerging infectious diseases (Ebola, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Candida auris): Focus on environmental survival and germicide susceptibility

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