Environmental risk factors for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats

Zaccone, Riccardo; Renzi, Andrea; Chalfon, Carmit; Lenzi, Jacopo; Bellei, Emma; Marconato, Laura; Ros, Eriberta; Rigillo, Antonella; Bettini, Giuliano; Faroni, Eugenio; Guerra, Dina; Sabattini, Silvia

doi:10.1111/jvim.16372

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Diets containing canned cat food and canned tuna were identified as risk factors for FOSCC in the Bertone et al study but not in the most current studies 11,12 . Since bisphenol A (BPA) was approved for use by the FDA in the 1960s, BPA has been used to harden plastics and has been used in metal can coatings to prevent corrosion and bacterial contamination and maintain food quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure was not a statistically significant risk factor. Since Bertone et al's 2003 study, only one other epidemiologic study has been completed in cats with FOSCC 12 . In Zaccone et al's 2022 study in an Italian population of cats with FOSCC, significant risks for FOSCC were pet foods that did not explicitly state not to contain chemical additives, rural (self‐identified) environment, indoor ETS and outdoor access, with ORs of 1.98, 1.77, 1.77 and 1.68, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multi‐institutional epidemiologic study evaluating environmental risk factors for feline oral squamous cell carcinoma

Noall,

Lee,

Burton

et al. 2023

Vet Comparative Oncology

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Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is an aggressive cancer in domestic cats that has no effective treatment option when advanced. Preventative or early diagnostic measures are thus crucial. FOSCC is also a model for human head and neck SCC (HNSCC); strong risk factors in HNSCC include exposure to alcohol, tobacco, areca nut, and high‐risk human papillomavirus. Previous studies have identified flea collar and tobacco smoke exposure, feeding canned tuna, canned cat food and cat foods with chemical additives, living in a rural environment, and having outdoor access as risk factors for FOSCC but there was no overlap in the risk factors between studies. In our study, risks for FOSCC were evaluated in an online epidemiologic survey study in 67 cats with FOSCC and 129 control cats. Clumping clay cat litter and flea collar use were significant risk factors for FOSCC on multiple logistic regression with odds ratios of 1.66 (95% CI 1.20–2.30) and 4.48 (95% CI 1.46–13.75) respectively. Crystalline silica is a carcinogen that may be present in all clay cat litters and tetrachlorvinphos is a carcinogen that is present in the most commonly used flea collars in our study. We recommend further investigation into the association between FOSCC and clay‐based litter and/or flea collars containing tetrachlorvinphos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi‐institutional epidemiologic study evaluating environmental risk factors for feline oral squamous cell carcinoma

Noall,

Lee,

Burton

et al. 2023

Vet Comparative Oncology

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“…Increasingly, domestic animals and humans share the same space, are exposed to the same environmental factors, and chemical and infectious agents, and in this way, cats can play a very important role as sentinels of the disease in the human population [ 50 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Critical Review of Etiologic Factors

Sequeira

Pires

Leitão

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is the most common oral neoplasia in cats. This malignant tumor is locally invasive, has a high mortality rate, and its etiology is not yet known. In humans, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with tobacco smoke, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection. Herein, a critical review about the potential etiologic factors of FOSCC was performed, considering publications between 2000 and 2022, aiming to synthesize all available scientific evidence regarding this issue. Recommendations of the PRISMA statement and the Cochrane Collaboration were followed and the PubMed database searched by using the MeSH terms MeSH terms “oral”, “mouth”, “lingual”, “labial”, “gingiva”, “carcinoma”, “squamous”, and “feline”. The selection process for eligible studies was based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and the quality of the studies assessed. The initial search resulted in 553 publications, with only 26 of these being included in the review. Sixteen studies were related to viral etiology and nine related to environmental factors such as exposure to tobacco smoke, ectoparasitic products, and the presence of oral comorbidities. When evaluated, feline papillomavirus was detected in 16.2% of samples of FOSCC. In the three studies focused on exposure to tobacco smoke, 35.2% (30/85) of cats with FOSCC had a history of this exposure. The consumption of canned food and the use of deworming collars were associated, in only one publication, with a risk of neoplasia increased by 4.7 and 5.3 times, respectively. Among 485 cats with FOSCC, 6.4% had dental and oral pathology (i.e., periodontal disease or feline chronic gingivostomatitis). The present study demonstrates that the available evidence on the etiology of FOSCC is still limited, however, there has been an increasing interest on this topic. To better understand the role of the possible etiological factors of this aggressive disease, and model for its human counterpart, large, prospective multi-institutional studies are needed.

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“…OSCC often affects cats, with an incidence of about 70%–80% of oral neoplasms. OSCC cases were 594, including 526 mixed breeds (90%), and 61 purebred cats (10%) ( Zaccone et al , 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk factors for OSCC in cats and dogs are the same as in humans: exposure to cigarette smoke and the papilloma virus ( Rathore et al , 2014 ). In cats, also a result of wearing flea collars and vulnerability to oral carcinogens during treatment and consumption of canned cat food ( Zaccone et al , 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum cinerariiforium leaves on Ki-67 proliferation and dysplasia severity in a rat model of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Listiyana¹,

Kristanti²,

rumondang³

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant tumor that can rapidly infiltrate the oral epithelial tissue and cause high mortality worldwide because the available therapies are less effective. Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium leaf contains secondary metabolites as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimutagenic. Aims: The study aimed to analyze the ethanolic extract of C. cinerariifolium leaf in reducing proliferation (Ki-67) and the degree of dysplasia in OSCC rats. Methods: This study used male Sprague Dawley induced by DMBA 0.5% and divided into five treatment groups, namely positive control/C+ (sick), negative control/C- (healthy), and treatment group generated with DMBA and given extract C. cinerariifolium leaf with successive doses of T1, T2, and T3 (50, 100 and 200 mg/k g bw). The oral epithelium was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically stained with a Ki-67 monoclonal antibody. Statistical analysis utilizing One-Way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that T1 at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw could significantly reduce Ki-67 expression and the degree of oral epithelial dysplasia (p<0.05) close to healthy controls. Conclusion: The conclusion shows that C. cinerariifolium leaf extract can be a therapy against OSCC by decreasing cell proliferation and the degree of oral epithelial dysplasia.

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Environmental risk factors for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

A multi‐institutional epidemiologic study evaluating environmental risk factors for feline oral squamous cell carcinoma

A multi‐institutional epidemiologic study evaluating environmental risk factors for feline oral squamous cell carcinoma

Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Critical Review of Etiologic Factors

Effect of ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum cinerariiforium leaves on Ki-67 proliferation and dysplasia severity in a rat model of oral squamous cell carcinoma

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