Environmental Responses to Climatic and Cultural Changes

Abarzúa, Ana M.; Pinchicura, Alia G.; Jarpa, Leonora; Martel-Cea, Alejandra; Sterken, Mieke; Vega, Rodrigo; Pino, Q Mario

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03128-6_6

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In addition to L. Portezuelo, two well‐dated palaeoecological records lie within the modern range of Araucaria araucana : El Valle Bog, spanning the last ~26,500 years (38.05°S, 72.97°W; 70 m elev. ; Abarzúa et al., 2014) and Laguna San Pedro, beginning at ~1,500 BP (38.43°S, 71.32°W; 913 m elev. ; Fletcher & Moreno, 2012b) (see Table 1; Figure 1 and Figure 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The influence of past changes in climate and land use on the distribution of Araucaria araucana forest in northernmost Patagonia was assessed by comparing the environmental history of L. Portezuelo with other well‐dated sites in the region (37–40°S) (Table 1; Figures 1 and 5; i.e. Abarzúa et al., 2014; Fletcher & Moreno, 2012b; Moreno‐Gonzalez et al., 2020). The regional trends were examined in light of changes in seasonal insolation (Berger & Loutre, 1991), SST (Chilean coast, 41°S; Kaiser et al., 2005), ENSO history (Moy et al., 2002) and dendroecological fire records from A. araucana forest (González et al., 2020; Mundo et al., 2013) (Figure 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pollen data from El Valle suggest that the central valley of Chile was a glacial refugia for Araucaria (~20% abundance at 26,500 BP), when conditions were generally cool and wet (Figure 5) (Abarzúa et al., 2014; Heusser, 1984; Ruiz et al., 2007; Villagrán, 1991). As the climate warmed between ~20,000 and 8,000 BP, vegetation near El Valle shifted first to an open warm‐temperate forest with Prumnopitys and Myrtaceae and moderate fire activity and then to a closed forest and high fire activity after 7,000 BP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is well established that climate and fire have greatly influenced the long‐term dynamics of the Patagonian forest‐steppe ecotone south of 41°S (Iglesias et al., 2014; Nanavati et al., 2019; Whitlock et al., 2006), the vegetation and fire history of Patagonia north of this latitude is poorly understood, given the paucity of well‐dated records (i.e. Abarzúa et al., 2014; Fletcher & Moreno, 2012b) (Table 1; Figure 1). Northernmost Patagonia (here defined as Argentina and Chile, 37–40°S) is notable for the presence of monkey puzzle tree ( Araucaria araucana ), an endemic, endangered and culturally significant conifer that presently grows on both sides of the Andes and in disjunct populations in the Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, Chile (Figure 1) (Aagesen, 2004; Premoli et al., 2013; dos Reis et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inset map shows the location of Laguna Portezuelo and other sites discussed in‐depth in the text (i.e. Abarzúa et al., 2014; Fletcher & Moreno, 2012b; Moreno‐Gonzalez et al., 2020). The triangle northwest of L. Portezuelo marks the Copahue stratovolcano.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Holocene history of monkey puzzle tree (pehuén) in northernmost Patagonia

Nanavati

Whitlock

Outes

et al. 2020

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Although it is established that climate and fire have greatly influenced the long‐term ecosystem dynamics of Patagonia south of 40°S, the environmental history from northernmost Patagonia (37–40°S), where endemic and endangered monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana) occurs, is poorly known. Here we ask: (a) What is the Holocene vegetation and fire history at the north‐eastern extent of A. araucana forest? (b) How have climate and humans influenced the past distribution of A. araucana? Location Northernmost Patagonia, Argentina and Chile (37–40°S). Taxa Araucaria araucana, Nothofagus, Poaceae. Methods Sedimentary pollen and charcoal from Laguna Portezuelo (37.9°S, 71.0°W; 1,730 m; 11,100 BP) were evaluated using statistical methods and compared with other palaeoecological, independent palaeoclimate, and historical records to assess how changes in climate and land use influenced local‐to‐regional environmental history. Results An open forest‐steppe landscape persisted at L. Portezuelo throughout the Holocene with generally low‐to‐moderate fire activity. Increased Nothofagus pollen after ~6,590 BP suggests increases in shrubland and moisture in association with cooler conditions and greater seasonality and ENSO activity. Araucaria pollen appeared at L. Portezuelo at ~6,380 BP, but was low in abundance until ~370 BP, when it rose with charcoal levels. This increase in Araucaria and fire coincided with a regional influx of Mapuche American Indians. Nothofagus deforestation and Pinus silviculture marked Euro‐American settlement beginning in the 19–20th century. Main conclusions (a) Rapid postglacial warming and drying limited the distribution of Araucaria in the central valley of Chile. In the middle and late Holocene, decreased temperatures and greater seasonality and ENSO activity increased precipitation variability allowing Araucaria expansion at its north‐eastern limit. (b) Greater abundance of Araucaria and heightened fire activity at L. Portezuelo after 370 BP coincided with increased Mapuche‐Pehuenche American Indian land use, suggesting that Araucaria may have been managed in a human‐altered landscape.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%