Environmental release and behavior of brominated flame retardants

Summer atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers in urban and rural areas of northern China

“…Longer half-life and higher volatility of BDE-47 compared to BDE-99 can be an important reason that BDE-99 to BDE-47 ratio in atmosphere was lower than those in commercial products (Eriksson et al, 2004). Relatively high ratios of BDE-17 (0.06), BDE-28 (0.56), and BDE-66 (0.31) to BDE-47 were also found in this study compared to the ratios of DE-71 (0.0018, 0.0065, 0.014) and Bromkal 70-5DE (0.0012, 0.0023, 0.0049) (La Guardia et al, 2006), because higher brominated PBDEs are less volatile (Watanabe and Sakai, 2003). The relative high ratios of BDE-66 to BDE-47 and high proportions of BDE-66 were unusual.…”

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers vs Alternate Brominated Flame Retardants and Dechloranes from East Asia to the Arctic

“…43 HBB was widely used in Japan with about 350 tons/year (2001) 44 and is additionally produced in China with 600 tons/year. 9 PBT is produced by the same factory with 600 tons/year, too, while the total global production volume ranges between 1000À5000 tons/year.…”

Separation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish for compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis

“…However, the most frequently detected congeners in biota, and especially in aquatic biota, are the less brominated congeners (tri-to hexa-BDEs) (de Wit, 2002;Watanabe and Sakai, 2003). Two possible explanations have been given for this observation.…”