Environmental properties of long chain alcohols. Part 1: Physicochemical, environmental fate and acute aquatic toxicity properties

Fisk, Peter; Wildey, Rosalind J.; Girling, Andrew E.; Sanderson, Hans; Belanger, Scott E.; Veenstra, G. E.; Nielsen, Allen M.; Kasai, Yutaka; Willing, Andreas; Dyer, Scott D.; Stanton, Kathleen

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.09.025

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Since these properties of pure alcohol compounds follow these predictable trends, these are amenable to estimation by QSAR. For most of the physicochemical properties, as demonstrated in Fisk et al (2009), the EPISuite 3.12 models predicted the properties very well. However, for the longer carbon length chains, where the log K ow predictions were >6, an overprediction was observed that was easily corrected by including a term based on carbon number.…”

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The chemical properties of alcohols are directly related to the length of the aliphatic, or hydrophobic, chain (Table 2). Fisk et al (2009) demonstrate that solubility and vapor pressure of alcohols decrease with increasing chain length. With increasing chain length, hydrophobicity increases as does melting and boiling point.…”

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…These data are summarized in Fisk et al (2009) and Schäfers et al (2009). Furthermore Fisk et al (2009) provide a comparison of the measured physicochemical properties and those predicted using quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs), specifically those contained in EPISuite 3.12 (http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuite.htm). The chemical properties of alcohols are directly related to the length of the aliphatic, or hydrophobic, chain (Table 2).…”

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Environmental Safety of the Use of Major Surfactant Classes in North America

Cowan-Ellsberry¹,

Belanger

Dorn

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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156

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This paper brings together over 250 published and unpublished studies on the environmental properties, fate, and toxicity of the four major, high-volume surfactant classes and relevant feedstocks. The surfactants and feedstocks covered include alcohol sulfate or alcohol sulfate (AS), alcohol ethoxysulfate (AES), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), alcohol ethoxylate (AE), and long-chain alcohol (LCOH). These chemicals are used in a wide range of personal care and cleaning products. To date, this is the most comprehensive report on these substance's chemical structures, use, and volume information, physical/chemical properties, environmental fate properties such as biodegradation and sorption, monitoring studies through sewers, wastewater treatment plants and eventual release to the environment, aquatic and sediment toxicity, and bioaccumulation information. These data are used to illustrate the process for conducting both prospective and retrospective risk assessments for large-volume chemicals and categories of chemicals with wide dispersive use. Prospective risk assessments of AS, AES, AE, LAS, and LCOH demonstrate that these substances, although used in very high volume and widely released to the aquatic environment, have no adverse impact on the aquatic or sediment environments at current levels of use. The retrospective risk assessments of these same substances have clearly demonstrated that the conclusions of the prospective risk assessments are valid and confirm that these substances do not pose a risk to the aquatic or sediment environments. This paper also highlights the many years of research that the surfactant and cleaning products industry has supported, as part of their environmental sustainability commitment, to improve environmental tools, approaches, and develop innovative methods appropriate to address environmental properties of personal care and cleaning product chemicals, many of which have become approved international standard methods.

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Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Surfactant Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmental Safety of the Use of Major Surfactant Classes in North America

Cowan-Ellsberry¹,

Belanger

Dorn

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

Self Cite

156

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Extensive studies in U.S.A., Australia, and other countries have been conducted on the biological effects of fatty alcohol and these studies have established that there are no adverse effects (short and long term) on the suitability of water for human consumption where reservoir surfaces are treated [29] [46]. Field and laboratory investigations have shown that both hexadecanol and octadecanol pose a very minimal toxicological threat to both aquatic and terrestrial life forms such as fish, ducks, insects, and plants [23] [41] [47].…”

Section: Effect Of Cetyl/stearyl Alcohol Film On Reservoir Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cetyl and stearyl alcohol and their derivatives are biodegradable and innocuous to humans and animals. The United States Food and Drug Administration have approved them for use in the cosmetic, food and medicinal and industries indicating none to low toxicity [29]. When these materials are applied to the water surface, they self-spread to create a monomolecular surface film that provides an evaporative resistance [30]- [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation Retardation by Monomolecular Layers: An Experimental Study at the Aji Reservoir (India)

Panjabi¹,

Rudra²,

Goel³

2016

OJCE

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It is an established fact that huge quantities of water are lost from lakes, reservoirs and soils by evaporation. This assumes greater significance in arid and semi-arid regions around the globe when a general scarcity of water is compounded by high evaporation loss from the open water surfaces of lakes and reservoirs. The use of surface covering by a monomolecular film to reduce evaporation loss from large open water surfaces offers the greatest promise among all currently available techniques. This is the only system that retains the water surface in a state that does not interfere with other uses of the body of water such as boating, navigation recreation, fish, and wildlife propagation. Various experiments and field trials worldwide have proven conclusively that the fatty alcohols and their emulsions effectively retard water evaporation and result in saving to the tune of about 20% to 50%. An experiment was carried out at the Aji Reservoir (India) using a mixture of Cetyl and Stearyl alcohol that confirmed 19.26% saving in evaporation loss. During this six-month trial, about 0.18 mcum of water was saved which otherwise might have evaporated.

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