Environmental poly(organosiloxanes) (silicones)

Pellenbarg, Robert E.

doi:10.1021/es60153a013

Cited by 65 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Hence, it is quite useful for quantitative determination of PDMS [66,67]. In the environmental arena, FTIR has been utilized to determine the presence of silicones in sediments [37,38,68]. A number of reports have appeared on applications of IR and FTIR for the determination of silicones in a variety of biological matrices.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Primer on the Analytical Aspects of Silicones at Trace Levels-Challenges and Artifacts – A Review

2006

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Silicones (polydimethylsiloxanes) find use in a wide variety of industrial and consumer product applications because of their outstanding properties. Potential human exposure to silicones occurs in the work place during manufacturing and product formulation, as well as through the normal use of consumer products containing them.The entry of silicones into various environmental compartments raised health and safety concerns from potential exposure and mandated numerous environmental and toxicological studies. Such studies require qualitative and quantitative determination of silicone species at trace levels. However, the ubiquitous presence of silicones coupled with their unique chemistry renders their analysis at trace levels challenging.This paper provides a consolidated account of various aspects of silicones that must be borne in mind to obtain reliable data. The following topics are discussed: differences in the chemistry of silicones vs carbon; precautions in sample handling to avoid losses and inadvertent chemical transformation; potential sources for artifacts and interferences that could lead to systematic errors and data misinterpretation; sources for background and the need for matrix matched blank experiments; distinguishing silicones from silicates to avoid overestimation; potential for incorrect structural assignments; preventing inadvertent contamination; and questionable claims on the presence of silicones in biological matrices including that of silicone implants.

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Section: Spectroscopic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Petroleum ether was used for extraction of silicones from sediments, water and fish in a survey of Japanese waters [35,36]. In a survey of sediments from the Potomac River and Delaware Bay, diethylether has been used [37,38]. Toluene was used in the extraction of siloxanes from sewage sludge [39].…”

Section: Extraction Of Pdmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Primer on the Analytical Aspects of Silicones at Trace Levels-Challenges and Artifacts – A Review

2006

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“…Microscopic observation revealed that the sedimentation process for a small percentage of the silicone residues seems to be related to the aggregation and subsequent sedimentation of clay particles present in the unfiltered seawater. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that, because of their hydrophobic nature, silicones entering the aquatic environment are rapidly removed from the water column and transported to the sediments by adsorption to suspended particulate matter [19]. This undesirable behavior of the agent could be easily avoided by netting out all silicone residues a few hours after application of the treating agent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of a new silicone‐based oil‐treating agent and its effects on marine microbial communities

Padrós

Pelletier

Siron

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-A new silicone-based agent was developed to treat and recover oil slicks and various floating oily residues that are often observed in marinas and harbors. As part of its ecotoxicologic assessment, the fate of the treating agent alone or combined with crude oil, and the effects on natural microbial communities were studied in estuarine mesocosms (3.5 m 3 ) over a 9-week period. The ability of the in situ formed silicone layer to trap an oil slick at the water surface was highlighted by a significative reduction in the volatilization, natural dispersion, and sedimentation of the treated oil. The treatment favored the dissolution of light aromatic hydrocarbons such as methyl-naphthalenes but these compounds were rapidly biodegraded in the water column. The agent alone, as well as the treated or untreated oil, had no effect on the biomass and photosynthetic ability of the phytoplankton community entrapped in the mesocosms. A significant stimulation of oil-degrading bacteria was noted in mesocosms containing treated and untreated oil slicks. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the use of a silicone-based treating agent could be an effective countermeasure to an oil spill, with neither deleterious effects to natural microbial communities nor to long-term biodegradation of the unrecovered oil residues.

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“…These results confirm the ecological acceptability of demethylated silicon moieties, demonstrate that the accompanying D and T structures have no significant toxicity for diatoms, and show that even monomethyl silicon moieties are not utilized as silicic acid sources by diatoms. Studies by Pellenbarg [4,5] have demonstrated "silicones to be a ubiquitous component of the sediments and of the water-surface microlayer of widely spaced and differing aqueous compartments." Because of the adsorptive tendencies of methylsilicones and their resistance to hydrolysis, their extensive environmental persistence as ecologically benign aquatic sedimentary components is anticipated.…”

Section: Diatom Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photolytic Oxidative Demethylation of Aqueous Dimethylsiloxanols

Buch

Lane

Annelin

et al. 1984

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Dimethylsilanediol and other water-soluble dimethysiloxanols undergo aqueous photolytic oxidative demethylation with tropospheric ultraviolet radiation in the presence of suitable chromophores, such as nitrogen oxides, to give silicic acid and carbon dioxide. The "bio suitability" of the resulting silicic acid was demonstrated by monitoring the growth of diatoms (Nuviculu pelliculosa) in the irradiated aqueous media. Thus, a plausible route for the further degradation of such water soluble hydrolysis products of poly(dimethy1-siloxane) to naturally occurring materials was conclusively demonstrated. Furthermore, di-and monomethyl silanol species were shown not to be utilized by the diatom colony, even when present as completely water soluble components.

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Environmental poly(organosiloxanes) (silicones)

Cited by 65 publications

References 14 publications

A Primer on the Analytical Aspects of Silicones at Trace Levels-Challenges and Artifacts – A Review

A Primer on the Analytical Aspects of Silicones at Trace Levels-Challenges and Artifacts – A Review

Fate of a new silicone‐based oil‐treating agent and its effects on marine microbial communities

Photolytic Oxidative Demethylation of Aqueous Dimethylsiloxanols

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