Environmental pollution in Africa

Fayiga, Abioye O.; Ipinmoroti, Mabel Omowumi; Chirenje, Tait

doi:10.1007/s10668-016-9894-4

Cited by 166 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…In 2012, the yearly average PM 2.5 levels in South Africa ranged between 4.9 and 43.3 μg m −3 , and for all 21 AAQM stations the annual average was 24.1 μg m −3 (Altieri and Keen 2019). The maximum PM 2.5 level was 39.1 μg m −3 , which is generally lower than those reported in cities from other African countries (deSouza 2020; Kalisa et al 2019;Fayiga et al 2018;Gaita et al 2014;Petkova et al 2013). The mean and maximum PM 2.5 levels were higher than those reported in rural areas of South Africa (Tshehla and Djolov 2018; Novela 2019; Novela et al 2019), but lower than those reported in Pretoria, located about 1600 km north of Cape Town (Morakinyo et al 2019;Adeyemi 2020;Mwase 2020) or the South African towns located in the Vaal Triangle and Highveld air pollution priority areas (Olutola et al 2019).…”

Section: -H Pm 25 Soot and Meteorological Conditionscontrasting

confidence: 58%

PM2.5 chemical composition and geographical origin of air masses in Cape Town, South Africa

Williams

Petrik

Wichmann

2020

Air Qual Atmos Health

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PM 2.5 in the indoor and outdoor environment has been linked in epidemiology studies to the symptoms, hospital admissions and development of numerous health outcomes including death. The study was conducted during April 2017 and April 2018. PM 2.5 samples were collected over 24 h and every third day. The mean PM 2.5 level was 13.4 μg m −3 (range: 1.17-39.1 μg m −3). PM 2.5 levels exceeded the daily World Health Organization air quality guideline (25 μg m −3) on 14 occasions. The mean soot level was 1.38 m −1 × 10 −5 (range: 0 to 5.38 m −1 × 10 −5). Cl − , NO 3 − , SO 4 2− , Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na and Zn were detected in the PM 2.5 samples. The geographical origin of air masses that passed Cape Town was estimated using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory software. Four air masses were identified in the cluster analysis: Atlantic-Ocean-WSW, Atlantic-Ocean-SW, Atlantic-Ocean-SSW and Indian-Ocean. The population of Cape Town may experience various health outcomes from the outdoor exposure to PM 2.5 and the chemical composition of PM 2.5 .

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Section: -H Pm 25 Soot and Meteorological Conditionscontrasting

confidence: 58%

PM2.5 chemical composition and geographical origin of air masses in Cape Town, South Africa

Williams

Petrik

Wichmann

2020

Air Qual Atmos Health

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“…Furthermore, Fayiga et al. [ 53 ] investigated the biosorption of Pb, Cr, and Cd in tannery effluent using Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus megaterium , Aspergillus niger , and Penicillium sp. The B. megaterium strain recorded the highest Pb reduction (0.03–2.13 mg L −1 ), followed by B. subtilis (0.04–2.13 mg L −1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Phosphate Laundries Wastewater Phytotoxicity and Biotreatment Assays

Moula

Borgi

Loukil

et al. 2020

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The phytotoxicity potential of phosphate laundries wastewater (PLW) is assessed. Likewise, the assays of biotreatment of the PLW by microbial detoxification are investigated. Chemical characterization results show that PLW are alkaline, saline, highly turbid, and rich in suspended matter and total solids. PLW samples are loaded with potentially toxic metals, presented in decreasing order as follows: calcium (1230 mg L−1), potassium (1032 mg L−1), iron (275.45 mg L−1), lead (1.64 mg L−1), zinc (1.12 mg L−1), copper (1.04 mg L−1), and cadmium (1.03 mg L−1). Besides, PLW exhibits high phytotoxicity values for Raphanus sativus, Medicago sativa, and Sorghum bicolor seeds germination. The microbiological enumeration reveals considerable autochthonous microflora. Biotreatment includes five selected native strains (Se, S16, S19, S20, and S29) used as a tool of PLW detoxification. The strains tested manifest a bioprocessing performance according to the following decreasing order: S29 > S16 > S20 > S19 > Se. The biotreated phosphate laundries wastewater (BTPLW) achieves a noticeable reduction of toxicity. Indeed, analysis of the correlation matrix between the potentially toxic metal content and the germination index (GI) values shows significant correlations (p ≤ 0.01).

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“…An increasingly important factor that affects the life trait of adult mosquitoes is the pollution of the larval habitats. Rapid and unplanned expansion of urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa increases pollution of the surface waters with domestic or industrial discharges of untreated effluents [18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of the effect of silencing genes involved in the midgut homeostasis on Anopheles arabiensis mosquito reared under different breeding site conditions

Debalke¹,

Habtewold²,

Christophides³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Malaria vector mosquitoes acquire midgut microbiota primarily from their habitat. The homeostasis of these microbial communities plays an essential role in the mosquito longevity, the most essential factor in the mosquito vectorial capacity. Our recent study revealed that silencing genes involved in regulation of the midgut homeostasis including FN3D1, FN3D3, and GPRGr9 reduced the survival of female adult Anopheles arabiensis mosquito. In the present study, we investigate the stability of the gene silencing efficiency of mosquitoes reared in three different breeding conditions representing distinct larval habitat types: town brick pits in Jimma, flood pools in the rural land of Asendabo and roadside pools in Wolkite. Methods: First instar larvae of An. arabiensis mosquitoes were reared separately using water collected from the three breeding sites. The resulting adult females were micro-injected with dsRNA targeting the FN3D1 gene (AARA003032) and their survival was monitored. Control mosquitoes were injected with dsRNA Lacz. In addition, the load of midgut microbiota of these mosquitoes was determined using flow cytometry.Result: Survival of naïve adult female mosquitoes differed between the three sites. Mosquitoes reared using water collected from brick pits and flood pools survived longer than mosquitoes reared using water collected from roadside. However, the FN3D1 gene silencing effect on survival did not differ between the three sites. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the efficacy of FN3D1 gene silencing is not affected by variation in the larval habitat. Thus, silencing this gene using genetic engineering approaches can have a large potential for application throughout sub-Saharan Africa.

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Environmental pollution in Africa

Cited by 166 publications

References 171 publications

PM2.5 chemical composition and geographical origin of air masses in Cape Town, South Africa

PM2.5 chemical composition and geographical origin of air masses in Cape Town, South Africa

Assessment of Phosphate Laundries Wastewater Phytotoxicity and Biotreatment Assays

Stability of the effect of silencing genes involved in the midgut homeostasis on Anopheles arabiensis mosquito reared under different breeding site conditions

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